{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T12:08:52Z","timestamp":1754482132679,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22J15395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22J15395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Researc","award":["20H04571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H04571"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of footsteps of a neighboring runner (NR) on the main runner\u2019s step frequency (SF), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The participants were male long-distance runners belonging to a university track and field team. Two experiments were conducted in which the main runner (participant) and NR (examiner) ran with the same running speed on two adjacent treadmills separated by a thin wall. The participants were instructed that the experimental purpose was to investigate the HR when running with others and running alone. In Experiment 1, NR performed three trials of changing the footstep tempo in 5 bpm (beat per minute) faster (+5bpmFS), 5 bpm slower (-5bpmFS), or no footsteps (NF) conditions. The results showed that the footstep condition affected the variability of the SF but not the mean SF. Next, Experiment 2 was conducted by increasing the footstep tempo condition. NR performed seven trials of changing the footstep tempo by \u00b13 bpm, \u00b15 bpm, \u00b110 bpm, or no footstep. The results showed that the footstep condition affected the mean SF and the SF decreased at -10bpmFS compared to NF. There were no differences in the HR and RPE between conditions. These results indicated that the footsteps of NR could influence the SF, although it was unclear whether footsteps were involved in the synchronization between runners. Overall, our findings emphasize the environmental factors that influence running behavior, including the NR\u2019s footsteps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T18:51:24Z","timestamp":1673031084000},"page":"e0280147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3982-9177","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0280147.ref001","article-title":"Influences of absence (solo) and presence (head-to-head competition) of a competitor on psychological factors, overall running performance, and pacing during 1500-m runs","author":"K Yamaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Japan Society of Sports Performance Research"},{"key":"pone.0280147.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.05.021","article-title":"Head-to-head running race simulation alters pacing strategy, performance, and mood state","volume":"149","author":"F Tomazini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"pone.0280147.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.55860\/KQYQ5983","article-title":"Competing against another athlete side-by-side improves 60 m sprint running performance","volume":"1","author":"G Kakehata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci J Sport Perform"},{"key":"pone.0280147.ref004","first-page":"1739","volume-title":"Sports Medicine","author":"W Hoogkamer","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0280147.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.04.007","article-title":"Precise aerodynamics measurements of a track runner using a wind-tunnel moving-belt system","volume":"34","author":"K Hirata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"key":"pone.0280147.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009381","article-title":"The influence of wind resistance in running and walking and the mechanical efficiency of work against horizontal or vertical forces","volume":"213","author":"LGCE Pugh","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0280147.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2307\/1412188","article-title":"The dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition","volume":"9","author":"N. 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