{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:44:10Z","timestamp":1792028650587,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007037","name":"Ministeriet Sundhed Forebyggelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007398","name":"Strategiske Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005275","name":"Region Hovedstaden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007696","name":"Oticon Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008219","name":"GN Store Nord Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Otitis media with middle ear effusion (MEE) can be treated with ventilation tubes (VT) insertion, and it has been speculated that prolonged MEE in childhood can affect neurological development, which in turn may be important for later academic achievements.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate the association between middle ear effusion (MEE), treatment with ventilation tubes (VT) and childhood neurological development.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We examined 663 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC<jats:sub>2010<\/jats:sub>) unselected mother-child cohort study. Children were followed by study pediatricians with regular visits from pregnancy until 3 years of age. MEE was diagnosed using tympanometry at age 1, 2 and 3 years. Information regarding VT from age 0\u20133 years was obtained from national registries. We assessed age at achievement of gross motor milestones from birth, language scores at 1 and 2 years, cognitive score at 2.5 years and general development score at age 3 years using standardized quantitative tests.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Children with MEE had a lower 1-year word production vs. children with no disease: (median 2, IQR [0\u20136] vs. 4, IQR [1\u20137]; p = 0.017), and a lower 1-year word comprehension (median 36; IQR [21\u201363] vs. 47, IQR [27\u201384]; p = 0.03). Children with VT had a lower 2-5-year cognitive score vs. children with no disease; estimate -2.34; 95% CI [-4.56;-0.12]; p = 0.039. No differences were found between children with vs. without middle ear disease regarding age at achievement of gross motor milestones, word production at 2 years or the general developmental score at 3 years.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study supports the previous findings of an association between MEE and concurrent early language development, but not later neurological endpoints up to the age of 3. As VT can be a treatment of those with symptoms of delayed development, we cannot conclude whether treatment with VT had positive or negative effects on neurodevelopment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T18:32:27Z","timestamp":1673634747000},"page":"e0280199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Middle ear effusion, ventilation tubes and neurological development in childhood"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0200-0461","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Thorsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine Marie","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Rosa Cecilie","family":"Mora-Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u00edn","family":"Bjarnad\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren Christensen","family":"Bager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Bisgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4989-9769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jakob","family":"Stokholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0280199.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.003","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and the developing 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