{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T19:36:31Z","timestamp":1781033791217,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 TW010452-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 TW010452-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006259","name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 TW010452-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 TW010452-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 TW010452-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 TW010452-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012421","name":"Arnhold Institute for Global Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012421","name":"Arnhold Institute for Global Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012421","name":"Arnhold Institute for Global Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012421","name":"Arnhold Institute for Global Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Navrongo Health Research Centre"},{"name":"Navrongo Health Research Centre"},{"name":"Navrongo Health Research Centre"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015541","name":"Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rory Myers School of Nursing at NYU"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006259","name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Resolve To Save Lives"},{"name":"Resolve To Save Lives"},{"name":"Resolve To Save Lives"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence is high in Ghana\u2014but awareness, prevention, and treatment is sparse, particularly in rural regions. The nurse-led Community-based Health Planning and Services program offers general preventive and primary care in these areas, but overlooks CVD and its risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted in-depth interviews with 30 community members (CM) in rural Navrongo, Ghana to understand their knowledge and beliefs regarding the causes and treatment of CVD and the potential role of community nurses in rendering CVD care. We transcribed audio records, coded these data for content, and qualitatively analyzed these codes for key themes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>CMs described CVD as an acute, aggressive disease rather than a chronic asymptomatic condition, believing that CVD patients often die suddenly. Yet CMs identified causal risk factors for CVD: not only tobacco smoking and poor diet, but also emotional burdens and stressors, which cause and exacerbate CVD symptoms. Many CMs expressed interest in counseling on these risk factors, particularly diet. However, they felt that nurses could provide comprehensive CVD care only if key barriers (such as medication access and training) are addressed. In the interim, many saw nurses\u2019 main CVD care role as referring to the hospital.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>CMs would like CVD behavioral education from community nurses at local clinics, but feel the local health system is now too fragile to offer other CVD interventions. CMs believe that a more comprehensive CVD care model would require accessible medication, along with training for nurses to screen for hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors\u2013in addition to counseling on CVD prevention. Such counseling should build upon existing community beliefs and concerns regarding CVD\u2013including its behavioral and mental health causes\u2013in addition to usual measures to prevent CVD mortality such as diet changes and physical exercise.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T18:36:13Z","timestamp":1674239773000},"page":"e0280358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Community perspectives on cardiovascular disease control in rural Ghana: A qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Bhavana","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isla","family":"Hutchinson 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