{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T19:06:19Z","timestamp":1782155179314,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>COVID-19 pandemic caused by extended variants of SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 350 million people, resulting in over 5.5 million deaths globally. However, the actual burden of the pandemic in Africa, particularly among children, remains largely unknown. We aimed to assess the seroepidemiological changes of SARS-CoV-2 infection after school reopening among school children in Oromia, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A prospective cohort study involving students aged 10 years and older were used. A serological survey was performed twice, at school reopening in December 2020 and four months later in April 2021. Participants were selected from 60 schools located in 15 COVID-19 hotspot districts in Oromia Region. Serology tests were performed by Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid assay. Data were collected using CSentry CSProData Entry 7.2.1 and exported to STATA version 14.2 for data cleaning and analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 1884 students were recruited at baseline, and 1271 completed the follow-up. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence almost doubled in four months from 25.7% at baseline to 46.3% in the second round, with a corresponding seroincidence of 1910 per 100,000 person-week. Seroincidence was found to be higher among secondary school students (grade 9\u201312) compared to primary school students (grade 4\u20138) (RR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.21\u20132.22) and among those with large family size (&gt; = 5) than those with a family size of &lt;3 (RR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.09\u20134.17). The increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the students corresponded with Ethiopia\u2019s second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among students in hotspot districts of the Oromia Region was high even at baseline and almost doubled within four months of school recommencement. The high seroincidence coincided with the second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Ethiopia, indicating a possible contribution to school opening for the new outbreak wave.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T18:31:26Z","timestamp":1675449086000},"page":"e0280801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Escalating spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection after school reopening among students in hotspot districts of Oromia Region in Ethiopia: Longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7222-2839","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dabesa","family":"Gobena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esayas","family":"Kebede Gudina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Yilma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsinuel","family":"Girma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getu","family":"Gebre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesfaye","family":"Gelanew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alemseged","family":"Abdissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daba","family":"Mulleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarekegn","family":"Sarbessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henok","family":"Asefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirkuzie","family":"Woldie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemechu","family":"Shumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birhanu","family":"Kenate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Kroidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Wieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beza","family":"Eshetu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3842-9844","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tizta Tilahun","family":"Degfie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeleke","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280801.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031321","article-title":"Critical Periods, Critical Time Points and Day-of-the-Week Effects in COVID-19 Surveillance Data: An Example in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, USA","volume":"19","author":"RB Simpson","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref002","unstructured":"WHO CO. World health organization. Responding to Community Spread of COVID-19. Reference WHO\/COVID-19\/Community_Transmission\/2020.1. 2020 Apr."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0280801.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005581","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005581","article-title":"Readiness and early response to COVID-19: achievements, challenges, and lessons learned in Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"B Lanyero","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ global health"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref004","article-title":"Insights on Ethiopia\u2019s State of Emergency against COVID-19: A Descriptive Overview","author":"E. Dikale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Bioethics & Clinical Applications"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0280801.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14348","article-title":"Association between statewide school closure and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the US","volume":"324","author":"KA Auger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2020.104258","article-title":"Suffering in silence: How COVID-19 school closures inhibit the reporting of child maltreatment","volume":"190","author":"EJ Baron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of public economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280801.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09429-3","article-title":"Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in children living in the US","volume":"20","author":"GF Dunton","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0280801.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0260189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260189","article-title":"School reopening and risks accelerating the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol","volume":"16","author":"LC Lopes-J\u00fanior","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"10280","key":"pone.0280801.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00622-X","article-title":"School reopening without robust COVID-19 mitigation risks accelerating the pandemic","volume":"397","author":"D Gurdasani","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.05013","article-title":"Risk of infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among children and adolescents in households, communities and educational settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"O Irfan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of global health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0280801.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e052690","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052690","article-title":"Risk of infection and contribution to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in school staff: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"SJ Karki","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.07.060","article-title":"The toll of COVID-19 on African children: a descriptive analysis on COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality among the pediatric population in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"110","author":"SR Vel\u00e1squez","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref013","article-title":"Projecting Ethiopian demographics from 2012\u20132050 using the spectrum suite of models","author":"A Bekele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethiopia Public Health Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref014","article-title":"Prediction of Past SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study Among Swiss Schoolchildren","volume":"832","author":"J Blankenberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280801.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26774-y","article-title":"Modeling serological testing to inform relaxation of social distancing for COVID-19 control","volume":"12","author":"AN Kraay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0280801.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e245","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30517-X","article-title":"Serology testing in the COVID-19 pandemic response","volume":"20","author":"RW Peeling","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0280801.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30322-4","article-title":"The important role of serology for COVID-19 control","volume":"20","author":"AK Winter","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of 14 SARS-CoV-2 serological assays and their diagnostic potential in RT-PCR negative COVID-19 infections","volume":"24","author":"E Van Honacker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Clinica Belgica"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0280801.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01694","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01694-20","article-title":"Development and validation of the Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay as a highly specific tool for determining past exposure to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"58","author":"P Muench","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280801.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00438-7","article-title":"COVID-19: breaking down a global health crisis","volume":"20","author":"SI Mallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280801.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00438-7","article-title":"COVID-19: breaking down a global health crisis","volume":"20","author":"SI Mallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280801.ref022","article-title":"Migrant and displaced children in the age of COVID-19: How the pandemic is impacting them and what can we do to help","volume":"10","author":"D You","year":"2020","journal-title":"Migration Policy Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280801.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e046764","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046764","article-title":"COVID-19 in Oromia Region of Ethiopia: a review of the first 6 months\u2019 surveillance data","volume":"11","author":"EK Gudina","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.751451","article-title":"Considerations for the safe operation of schools during the coronavirus pandemic","volume":"9","author":"R Lordan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in public health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280801.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319963","article-title":"Reopening schools during the COVID-19 pandemic: governments must balance the uncertainty and risks of reopening schools against the clear harms associated with prolonged closure","volume":"106","author":"RM Viner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of disease in childhood"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0280801.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1517","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00386-7","article-title":"Seroepidemiology and model-based prediction of SARS-CoV-2 in Ethiopia: longitudinal cohort study among front-line hospital workers and communities","volume":"9","author":"EK Gudina","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.705882","article-title":"Roles of children and adolescents in COVID-19 transmission in the community: A retrospective analysis of nationwide data in Japan","volume":"9","author":"T Imamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280801.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.4573","article-title":"Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adolescents compared with adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"RM Viner","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0280801.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15270","article-title":"A systematic review of COVID\u201019 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults","volume":"109","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta pediatric"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280801.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89553-1","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of 12,306 pediatric COVID-19 patients in the United States","volume":"11","author":"V Parcha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0280801.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319910","article-title":"Role of children in the household transmission of COVID-19","volume":"106","author":"J Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of disease in childhood"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0280801.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00579-y","article-title":"Understanding COVID-19 in Africa","volume":"21","author":"SK Tessema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref033","unstructured":"https:\/\/africacdc.org\/download\/generic-protocol-for-a-population-based-age-and-gender-stratified-sero-survey-study-for-sars-cov-2\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280801.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab217","article-title":"Estimated SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and fatality risk in Gauteng Province, South Africa: a population-based seroepidemiological survey","volume":"51","author":"PC Mutevedzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"International journal of epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref035","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Population-based age-stratified seroepidemiological investigation protocol for COVID-19 virus infection, 17 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020."},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref036","unstructured":"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/331656"},{"issue":"7831","key":"pone.0280801.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2334-5","article-title":"Canine SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"586","author":"TH Sit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0280801.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0154756","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154756","article-title":"Stunting, underweight and overweight in children aged 2.0\u20134.9 years in Indonesia: prevalence trends and associated risk factors","volume":"11","author":"CN Rachmi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280801.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.5578\/mb.69839","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemisinde SARS-CoV-2 ve mikrobiyolojik tan\u0131 dinamikleri","volume":"54","author":"S. ERENSOY","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mikrobiyoloji B\u00fclteni"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268821001643","article-title":"Charting elimination in the pandemic: a SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey of blood donors in New Zealand","volume":"149","author":"LH Carlton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiencek JR, Head CL, Sifri CD, Parsons AS. Clinical ordering practices of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody test at a large academic medical center. InOpen Forum Infectious Diseases 2020 Oct (Vol. 7, No. 10, p. ofaa406). US: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa406"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0280801.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00028-1","article-title":"Reported cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children aged 12\u201320 years in the USA who received a COVID-19 vaccine, December, 2020, through August, 2021: a surveillance investigation","volume":"6","author":"AR Yousaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280801.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115298","article-title":"Performance evaluation of antibody-based point-of-care devices intended for the identification of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"99","author":"AK Furuya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0280801.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.064","article-title":"Animal communication: when i\u2019m calling you, will you answer too?","volume":"27","author":"NJ Vickers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280801.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31115-8","article-title":"Anatomy of Omicron BA. 1 and BA. 2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 mRNA vaccinees","volume":"13","author":"E Andreano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102306","article-title":"COVID-19 in 7 multiple sclerosis patients in treatment with ANTI-CD20 therapies","volume":"44","author":"V Meca-Lallana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multiple sclerosis and related disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280801.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000875","article-title":"Advances in the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, clinical management and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"28","author":"DS Hui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.12.013","article-title":"Does smoking have an impact on the immunological response to COVID-19 vaccines? Evidence from the VASCO study and need for further studies","volume":"203","author":"P Ferrara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102792","article-title":"Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy","volume":"1","author":"A Haque","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Autoimmunity"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0280801.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00573-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape","volume":"19","author":"WT Harvey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref051","first-page":"1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures","volume":"6","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280801.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27524","article-title":"Characterization of the novel SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Omicron (B. 1.1. 529) variant of concern and its global perspective","volume":"94","author":"SK Saxena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of medical virology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280801.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02408","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02408-21","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Testing in the Community: Testing Positive Samples with the TaqMan SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Panel To Find Variants in Real Time","volume":"60","author":"F Ashford","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0280801.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.27124","article-title":"Genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2\u2014what do they mean?","volume":"325","author":"AS Lauring","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"pone.0280801.ref055","unstructured":"Un published guideline with title of School Reopening Guidance in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0339229","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0280801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T18:32:31Z","timestamp":1675449151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0280801"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Md. Tanvir","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0280801","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]}}}