{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T08:32:02Z","timestamp":1747470722426,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007602","name":"Programme Grants for Applied Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP-PG-0615-20003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP-PG-0615-20003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Many countries recommend Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation in pregnancy. Preclinical studies of nicotine exposure to pregnant mammals could indicate how nicotine may adversely affect the developing fetus. As a first step towards summarising this literature, we undertook a systematic scoping review to determine the number and nature of offspring outcomes studied.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for papers reporting empirical data on offspring outcomes following nicotine exposure to pregnant non-human mammals. We excluded studies that investigated exposure to only smoking, e-cigarettes, nicotine vaccines, or studies with no \u2018nicotine only\u2019 group. We developed a draft taxonomy and using this, described and quantified outcomes reported.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We identified 476 studies, which reported 729 offspring outcomes. The draft taxonomy classified outcomes as being measured in i) whole animals, ii) body systems and iii) \u2018other\u2019. Body system outcomes were further categorised as being functional changes, or changes at macroscopic or cellular levels. The most frequently used outcomes were those detecting changes in the brain (n = 265), physical parameters measured in whole animals (n = 122) and any respiratory system changes (n = 97).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This scoping review quantifies the nature and frequency of outcomes used in preclinical studies investigating the potential impacts of nicotine administration in pregnancy on offspring. Systematic reviews of studies investigating outcomes involving animal brains, respiratory system, or \u2018whole animal\u2019 outcomes may have greatest potential for further advancing knowledge regarding impacts of gestational nicotine exposure on offspring.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Protocol and registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Protocol for this review can be found on Open Science Framework (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/ptmzc\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/osf.io\/ptmzc\/<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T18:43:28Z","timestamp":1675449808000},"page":"e0280805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Developing a taxonomy to describe offspring outcomes in studies involving pregnant mammals\u2019 exposure to non-tobacco nicotine: A systematic scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3574-6561","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucy","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Coleman-Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Naughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Mcdaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"A report of a working party of the Royal College of Physicians","year":"1992","key":"pone.0280805.ref001"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0280805.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2003.09.001","article-title":"Effect of antenatal exposure to maternal smoking on behavioural problems and academic achievement in childhood: prospective evidence from a Dutch birth cohort","volume":"75","author":"L Batstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Early Human Development"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0280805.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.11.1985","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in offspring","volume":"160","author":"A Thapar","year":"2003","journal-title":"AmJ Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280805.ref004","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy","author":"C Chamberlain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"pone.0280805.ref005","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Quitting smoking in pregnancy and following childbirth. NICE Public Health Guidance 26. London; 2010. Report No.: PH26."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280805.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5694\/mja17.00446","article-title":"Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation during pregnancy","volume":"208","author":"Y Bar\u2010Zeev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"626","key":"pone.0280805.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e554","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp14X681361","article-title":"Prescribing of nicotine replacement therapy in and around pregnancy: a population-based study using primary care data","volume":"64","author":"NN Dhalwani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280805.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq103","article-title":"Long-Term Consequences of Fetal and Neonatal Nicotine Exposure: A Critical Review","volume":"116","author":"JE Bruin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0280805.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv205","article-title":"Understanding pregnant smokers\u2019 adherence to nicotine replacement therapy during a quit attempt: a qualitative study","volume":"18","author":"K Bowker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280805.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200124040-00005","article-title":"Risks and benefits of nicotine to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"DA Dempsey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Safety"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0280805.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90733-X","article-title":"Maternal nicotine administration and fetal brain stem damage: a rat model with implications for sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"140","author":"HF Krous","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280805.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(91)90076-9","article-title":"The teratogenic effects of nicotine in vitro in rats: a light and electron microscope study","volume":"13","author":"MA Joschko","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and teratology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0280805.ref013","first-page":"270","article-title":"Systematic reviews and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"S. Green","year":"2005","journal-title":"Singapore medical journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280805.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15185","article-title":"Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"L Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0280805.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-15-0295","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure and postnatal health outcomes","volume":"150","author":"MK Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0280805.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200106000-00007","article-title":"Behavioral and neural consequences of prenatal exposure to nicotine","volume":"40","author":"M Ernst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0280805.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0615-y","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure and child behavioural problems","volume":"23","author":"CT Tiesler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280805.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.06.023","article-title":"Perinatal nicotine\/smoking exposure and carotid chemoreceptors during development","volume":"185","author":"E Stephan-Blanchard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Physiolo Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280805.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilu043","article-title":"The Usefulness of Systematic Reviews of Animal Experiments for the Design of Preclinical and Clinical Studies","volume":"55","author":"RBM de Vries","year":"2014","journal-title":"ILAR Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280805.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"International journal of social research methodology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280805.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1258\/la.2011.011087","article-title":"A step-by-step guide to systematically identify all relevant animal studies","volume":"46","author":"M Leenaars","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laboratory Animals"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280805.ref022","first-page":"88","article-title":"Updated version of the Embase search filter for animal studies","volume":"48","author":"RBM de Vries","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laboratory Animals"},{"key":"pone.0280805.ref023","unstructured":"Covidence. Covidence systematic review software, Veritas Health Innovation. Melbourne, Australia.2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280805.ref024","first-page":"1","article-title":"A scoping review of comparisons between abstracts and full reports in primary biomedical research","volume":"17","author":"G Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0280805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T18:43:51Z","timestamp":1675449831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0280805"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Saeed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0280805","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]}}}