{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:53:36Z","timestamp":1778630016151,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Board of Specialization of the Vetsuisse Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bern"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018835","name":"Albert-Heim-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) is an inflammatory disease of the canine central nervous system (CNS) that shares several features with multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. In approximately 95% of MS patients, \u2265 two immunoglobulin G (IgG) oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are detectable exclusively in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Hypothesis\/objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate OCBs in CSF and serum in dogs affected by MUO, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), idiopathic epilepsy (IE), intracranial neoplasia (IN), steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA), and diseases outside the CNS. We hypothesize that the highest prevalence of CSF-specific OCBs (\u2265 two OCBs uniquely in the CSF) would be found in dogs affected by MUO.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Client-owned dogs (n = 121) presented to the neurology service due to neurological deficits.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Prospective study. Measurement of IgG concentration in CSF and serum via a canine IgG ELISA kit. OCB detection via isoelectric focusing (IEF) and immunoblot.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Presence of CSF-specific OCBs was significantly higher in dogs with MUO (57%) compared to 22% in IN, 6% in IE, 15% in SRMA, 13% in IVDD, and 0% in the non-CNS group (p &lt; .001). Dogs with MUO were 9.9 times more likely to show CSF-specific OCBs than all other diseases together (95% confidence interval, 3.7\u201326.4; p &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec006\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>MUO showed the highest prevalence of CSF-specific OCBs, indicating an inflammatory B cell response. Future studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence in the specific MUO subtypes and a possible similarity with human MS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T18:27:20Z","timestamp":1674671240000},"page":"e0280864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assessment of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-8687","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julia K.","family":"Pr\u00fcmmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika M.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1284-4350","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eliane","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Lutterotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilijas","family":"Jelcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gertraud","family":"Sch\u00fcpbach-Regula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Buch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Maiolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0280864.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2014.07.009","article-title":"Perspectives on meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin","volume":"44","author":"JR Coates","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am\u2014Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0280864.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1995.tb01089.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Dogs: A Retrospective Study","volume":"9","author":"A. 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