{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:16:48Z","timestamp":1792682208139,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tinea capitis accounts for25 to 30% of all fungal infections, but it is often ignored because it is not life threatening in nature. It is more common among schoolchildren particularly in developing countries. Due to the presence of significant variability among the previous studies, this study was conducted to provide a pooled prevalence and associated factors of tinea capitis in Ethiopian schoolchildren.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a systematic search in five major databases for articles similar to our topic. This review included school-based cross-sectional studies that were reported in English and conducted from 2006 through 2022. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and further analysis was done using Stata\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      Version 17.0 statistical software. Forest plots were used to assess the presence of heterogeneity with 95% confidence intervals. A random effects meta- analysis model was used to pool primary estimates. To declare the presence or absence of association, 95% confidence interval with odds ratio was used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen studies with a total of 9465 schoolchildren were included. The pooled prevalence was 29.03% (95%CI: 15.37\u201342.71). There was observed heterogeneity, which could be explained by publication bias (P = 0.04). Family history of tinea capitis (OR: 9.18, 95%CI: 3.5\u201324.02), under the age of 10 years (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.17\u20132.33) were factors increasing the development of tinea capitis among schoolchildren and schoolchildren who had hair wash at least once a week (OR: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.24\u20130.42) was significantly associated with reduced risk for tinea capitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One of the most prevalent childhood health condition in Ethiopia is tinea capitis, which affects over one in every four schoolchildren. Schoolchildren who had family history of tinea capitis and under the age of 10 years were the identified risk factors but they had hair wash at least once a week was the protective factor of tinea capitis among schoolchildren. Clinical and public engagement activities are needed to overcome the burden of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T13:48:20Z","timestamp":1676036900000},"page":"e0280948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6286-446X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Molla Yigzaw","family":"Birhanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habtamu","family":"Temesgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7464-7814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel Bekele","family":"ketema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melaku","family":"Desta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temesgen","family":"Getaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getamesay Molla","family":"Bekele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balew","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selamawit Shita","family":"Jemberie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0280948.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2522","article-title":"The prevalence of infections with Trichophyton tonsurans in schoolchildren: the CAPITIS study","volume":"125","author":"SM Abdel-Rahman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref002","author":"AM Al Aboud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tinea capitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280948.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05817.x","article-title":"An outbreak of tinea capitis in elderly patients","volume":"53","author":"T Hillary","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref004","first-page":"69","article-title":"Epidemiologic trends in pediatric tinea capitis: a population-based study from Kaiser Permanente Northern California","author":"P Mirmirani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280948.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120793","article-title":"Tinea capitis: focus on African American women","volume":"46","author":"NB Silverberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0280948.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000180577.29853.a0","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of terbinafine in young children treated for tinea capitis","volume":"24","author":"SM Abdel-Rahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Pediatric infectious disease journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280948.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14234","article-title":"Infectious skin disorders encountered in a pediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Argentina: a descriptive study","volume":"58","author":"I Dei\u2010Cas","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0280948.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14224","article-title":"Morse code-like hairs in tinea capitis disappear after successful treatment","volume":"57","author":"A Souissi","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref009","article-title":": Approach to the patient with a scalp disorder.","volume":"17","author":"B Goldstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Uptodate"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0280948.ref010","first-page":"702","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of tinea infections","volume":"90","author":"JW Ely","year":"2014","journal-title":"American family physician"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/764843","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of potassium hydroxide smear and fungal culture relative to clinical assessment in the evaluation of tinea pedis: a pooled analysis","volume":"2010","author":"JO Levitt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatology research and practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280948.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.4.255.287","article-title":"Tinea capitis.","volume":"38","author":"A Gupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medical mycology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280948.ref013","first-page":"262","article-title":"Mycological profile of tinea capitis in schoolchildren in rural southern Ethiopia","volume":"55","author":"R P\u00e9rez-Tanoira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical mycology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0280948.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.3807-3810.2005","article-title":"In vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus species to itraconazole: global survey of 9,359 isolates tested by clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution methods","volume":"43","author":"M Pfaller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0280948.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780701436794","article-title":"Current status of antifungal susceptibility testing methods","volume":"45","author":"S Arikan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medical mycology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280948.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_519_17","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of tinea capitis in children from Egypt","volume":"63","author":"RW Doss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280948.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1159\/000018032","article-title":"Tinea capitis dermatophytes: susceptibility to antifungal drugs tested in vitro and in vivo.","volume":"197","author":"M Mock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280948.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1578-2190(08)70208-7","article-title":"Tinea capitis.","volume":"99","author":"N Rebollo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas (English Edition)"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1489387","article-title":"Prevalence and etiologic agents of dermatophytosis among primary school children in Harari Regional StateEthiopia.","volume":"2016","author":"A Alemayehu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Mycology"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S361051","article-title":"Prevalence of Skin Disease and Its Associated Factors Among Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Northern Ethiopian Town.","volume":"15","author":"AM Dessie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatolog"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280948.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12895-019-0085-5","article-title":"Pattern of skin diseases in children attending a dermatology clinic in a referral hospital in Wolaita Sodo, southern Ethiopia.","volume":"19","author":"AG Kelbore","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref022","unstructured":"[Ethiopia] CSA: Population Projections for Ethiopia. Addis ABaba;. 2013."},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref023","article-title":"World population prospects-population division-united nations","author":"U Nations","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Population Prospects-Revision"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280948.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01542-z","article-title":"PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA statement for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews.","volume":"10","author":"ML Rethlefsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Systematic reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0280948.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050225","article-title":"The prevalence of mental disorders among the homeless in western countries: systematic review and meta-regression analysis.","volume":"5","author":"S Fazel","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pone.0280948.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000454881","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use and risk of dementia in the elderly population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"MM Islam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0280948.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0222572","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222572","article-title":"The impact of peer pressure on cigarette smoking among high school and university students in Ethiopia: A systemic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"CT Leshargie","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280948.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Controlled clinical trials"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref029","author":"B Mubanga","journal-title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Tinea Capitis among School-Aged Children at Buseko Primary School in Buchi CompoundKitwe, Zambia"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280948.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13221","article-title":"Estimation of the burden of tinea capitis among children in Africa.","volume":"64","author":"F Bongomin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280948.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01665.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis among children in the Columbus area, Ohio, USA.","volume":"53","author":"JR Coloe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280948.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2009.03.006","article-title":"Prevalence of tinea pedis, tinea unguium of toenails and tinea capitis in school children from Barcelona.","volume":"26","author":"M P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0280948.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15088","article-title":"Tinea capitis in children: a systematic review of management","volume":"32","author":"A Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280948.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2010.01137.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of tinea capitis in children","volume":"27","author":"T Kakourou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatric dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0280948.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1101.x","article-title":"Tinea capitis in south\u2010east London\u2014a new pattern of infection with public health implications","volume":"135","author":"R Hay","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Journal of dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0280948.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31814efe06","article-title":"The assessment and management of tinea capitis in children.","volume":"23","author":"S Ali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatric emergency care"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref037","first-page":"89","article-title":"Management of tinea capitis in childhood.","volume":"3","author":"A Bennassar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology: CCID"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280948.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004685.pub2","article-title":"Systemic antifungal therapy for tinea capitis in children","author":"U Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280948.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1952.01530260012002","article-title":"Tinea capitis in the adult and adolescent","volume":"66","author":"JL PIPKIN","year":"1952","journal-title":"AMA Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280948.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200108000-00008","article-title":"Tinea capitis update: a continuing conflict with an old adversary.","volume":"13","author":"BK Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Current opinion in pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652001000200007","article-title":"Tinea capitis: study of asymptomatic carriers and sick adolescents, adults and elderly who live with children with the disease.","volume":"43","author":"CL Bergson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref042","author":"mW Tizazu Getahun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hailemariam Abiy: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORSOF TINEA CAPITIS AMONG CHILDREN IN FINOTE SELAM TOWNNORTH WEST ETHIOPIA"},{"issue":"I","key":"pone.0280948.ref043","first-page":"35","article-title":"INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS IN ASSOCIATION WITH CUTANEOUS FUNGAL INFECTION AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG TSEDA SCHOOL CHILDRENNORTHWEST ETHIOPIA.","volume":"3","author":"F Moges","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0280948.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.11648\/j.cajph.20190504.16","article-title":"Assessment on Prevalence of Tinea Capitis and Its Associated Factors among School Children in Addis Zemen, Northwest Ethiopia, 2016.","volume":"5","author":"S Lulekal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Central African Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0280948.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12691","article-title":"Tinea capitis in schoolchildren in a rural area in southern Ethiopia","volume":"54","author":"M Leiva-Salinas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280948.ref046","first-page":"7374","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of skin diseases among primary school children in Illuababorzone, Oromia Regional StateSouth West Ethiopia. I","volume":"7","author":"Y Lulu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ndo Am J Pharm Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0280948.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009816","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009816","article-title":"Risk factors for scabies, tungiasis, and tinea infections among schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional Bayesian multilevel model.","volume":"15","author":"HH Amare","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280948.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9597.1000309","article-title":"Epidemiology of Tinea Capitis and Associated Factors among School Age Children in Hawassa Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia, 2016.","volume":"8","author":"DT Hibstu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bacteriol Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref049","author":"AB Betelhem Yilma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prevalence and spectrum of dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte mold isolated from patients with Tinea Capitisattending Rank Higher Specialized Dermatology Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S292286","article-title":"Epidemiological characterization of dermatomycosis in Ethiopia.","volume":"14","author":"S Araya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0280948.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-004-3141-5","article-title":"Clinico-mycological profile of dermatophytosis in a reference centre for leprosy and dermatological diseases in Addis Ababa","volume":"161","author":"Y Woldeamanuel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0280948.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12691","article-title":"Ramos JMet al: Tinea capitis in schoolchildren in a rural area in southern E thiopia","volume":"54","author":"M Leiva\u2010Salinas","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref053","author":"S Sichone","journal-title":"PREVALENCE OF TINEA CAPITIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN AT KALONGA PRIMARY SCHOOL IN LILONGWE URBAN"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0280948.ref054","first-page":"805","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Tinea Capitis among Primary School Children in a Semi-Urban Area of Rivers StateNigeria.","volume":"37","author":"A Fienemika","year":"2020","journal-title":"West African Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0280948.ref055","first-page":"103","article-title":"Prevalence and identification of fungi associated with Tinea capitis in school children of Morogoro municipalityTanzania.","volume":"19","author":"EM Magreth","year":"2020","journal-title":"African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0280948.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9601717","article-title":"Prevalence of Tinea capitis among school children in Nok community of Kaduna StateNigeria.","volume":"2016","author":"J Dogo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0280948.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of superficial fungal infections.","volume":"28","author":"M Ameen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinics in dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0280948.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyn022","article-title":"Kass Jet al: Changes in attitudes, knowledge and behavior associated with implementing a comprehensive school health program in a province of China","volume":"23","author":"C Aldinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Education Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0280948.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1950.43","article-title":"Immunity of the adult scalp to infection with Microsporum audouini","volume":"14","author":"AM Kligman","year":"1950","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0280948.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.26719\/2000.6.1.128","article-title":"Prevalence of tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Iraq.","volume":"6","author":"H Fathi","year":"2000","journal-title":"EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0280948.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004685.pub3","article-title":"Bennett Cet al: Systemic antifungal therapy for tinea capitis in children.","author":"X Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0280948","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T19:29:31Z","timestamp":1728847771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0280948"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Bongomin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0280948","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]}}}