{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:31:03Z","timestamp":1789713063621,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000982","name":"Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJ010859012016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ010859012016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project No. 122013-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No. 122013-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"www.rda.go.kr","award":["PJ010859012016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ010859012016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wildlife can carry pathogenic organisms, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, which can spread to humans and cause mild to serious illnesses and even death. Spreading through animal feces, these pathogens significantly contributes to the global burden of human diseases. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens, such as <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, and Shiga toxin-producing <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> (STEC), in animal feces. Between September 2015 and August 2017, 699 wildlife fecal samples were collected from various agricultural production regions and mountainous areas in South Korea. Fecal samples were collected from wild mammals (85.26%, 596\/699) and birds (14.73%, 103\/699). <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> were present in 3% (21\/699) and 45.63% (319\/699) of the samples, respectively. Moreover, virulence genes <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic> and both <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>stx2<\/jats:italic> were detected in 13.30% (93\/699) and 0.72% (5\/699) of the samples, respectively. The 21 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. were detected in badgers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), leopard cats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7), wild boars (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2), and magpies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7); STEC was detected in roe deer, water deer, mice, and wild boars. Through phylogenetic and gene-network analyses, the <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. isolates (<jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic> 21 laboratory isolates, at least one isolate from each <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>-positive animal fecal sample, and <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic> 6 widely prevalent reference <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> serovars) were grouped into two major lineages: <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic> subsp. diarizonae. Similarly, 93 <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> isolates belonged to <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic>, including three major lineages (groups 1\u20133), and <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>stx2<\/jats:italic> detected groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a wild leopard cat serving as a reservoir for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. in South Korea. The research findings can help manage the potential risk of wildlife contamination and improve precautionary measures to protect public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T18:28:32Z","timestamp":1708021712000},"page":"e0281006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the feces of free-roaming wildlife throughout South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rahman M.","family":"Mafizur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lim","family":"Sangjin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Park 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