{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:37:48Z","timestamp":1792802268179,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Maria Grzegorzewska University","award":["BNS 52\/20-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNS 52\/20-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02w6v9q55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Center of Science","award":["2017\/01\/X\/HS6\/02022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/01\/X\/HS6\/02022"]}]},{"name":"National Center of Science","award":["2019\/35\/B\/HS6\/00682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/35\/B\/HS6\/00682"]}]},{"name":"Maria Grzegorzewska University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02w6v9q55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Maria Grzegorzewska University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02w6v9q55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Respondents select the type of psychological studies that they want to participate in consistence with their needs and individual characteristics, which creates an unintentional self-selection bias. The question remains whether participants attracted by psychological studies may have more psychological dysfunctions related to personality and affective disorders compared to the general population. We investigated (N = 947; 62% women) whether the type of the invitation (to talk about recent critical or regular life events) or the source of the data (either face-to-face or online) attracts people with different psychopathology. Most importantly, participants who alone applied to take part in paid psychological studies had more symptoms of personality disorders than those who had never before applied to take part in psychological studies. The current results strongly translate into a recommendation for either the modification of recruitment strategies or much greater caution when generalizing results for this methodological reason.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T13:32:22Z","timestamp":1678282342000},"page":"e0281046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Self-selection biases in psychological studies: Personality and affective disorders are prevalent among participants"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3959-0178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Izabela","family":"Ka\u017amierczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Zajenkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Rogoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter K.","family":"Jonason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"\u015aciga\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0281046.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2819936","article-title":"You get who you pay for: The impact of incentives on participation bias.","author":"G Hsieh","year":"2016","journal-title":"In Proceedings of the 19th ACM conference on computer-supported cooperative work & social computing"},{"key":"pone.0281046.ref002","first-page":"54","article-title":"Patients with personality disorders: functional status, health care utilization, and satisfaction with care","volume":"42","author":"WJ Hueston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Family Practice"},{"key":"pone.0281046.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/001872676501800407","article-title":"The volunteer subject","volume":"18","author":"R. 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