{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:19:28Z","timestamp":1782285568553,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Joint Fund Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LBY23H200009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBY23H200009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\nObjective<\/jats:title>\nTo determine the efficacy of three different maternal screening programs (first-trimester screening [FTS], individual second-trimester screening [ISTS], and first- and second-trimester combined screening [FSTCS]) in predicting offspring with trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and neural tube defects (NTDs).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nA retrospective cohort involving 108,118 pregnant women who received prenatal screening tests during the first (9\u201313+6<\/jats:sup> weeks) and second trimester (15\u201320+6<\/jats:sup> weeks) in Hangzhou, China from January\u2013December 2019, as follows: FTS, 72,096; ISTS, 36,022; and FSTCS, 67,631 gravidas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResult<\/jats:title>\nThe high and intermediate risk positivity rates for trisomy 21 screening with FSTCS (2.40% and 5.57%) were lower than ISTS (9.02% and 16.14%) and FTS (2.71% and 7.19%); there were statistically significant differences in the positivity rates among the screening programs (all P<\/jats:italic> < 0.05). Detection of trisomy 21 was as follows: ISTS, 68.75%; FSTCS, 63.64%; and FTS, 48.57%. Detection of trisomy 18 was as follows; FTS and FSTCS, 66.67%; and ISTS, 60.00%. There were no statistical differences in the detection rates for trisomy 21 and 18 among the 3 screening programs (all P<\/jats:italic> > 0.05). The positive predictive values (PPVs) for trisomy 21 and 18 were highest with FTS, while the false positive rate (FPR) was lowest with FSTCS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion<\/jats:title>\nFSTCS was superior to FTS and ISTS screening and substantially reduced the number of high risk pregnancies for trisomy 21 and 18; however, FSTCS was not significantly different in detecting fetal trisomy 21 and 18 and other confirmed cases with chromosomal abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T18:25:43Z","timestamp":1677003943000},"page":"e0281201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Maternal prenatal screening programs that predict trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and neural tube defects in offspring"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1532-6049","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiming","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yezhen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0281201.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.11.016","article-title":"Higher chromosomal abnormality rate in blastocysts from young patients with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"113","author":"XY Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0281201.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0900134","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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