{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T23:38:29Z","timestamp":1778715509739,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Risks often accompany available choices in decision-making, particularly where the monetary factor gets involved. Researchers have explored the pathways underlying risky decision-making for decades, but most of these pathways have explored the factors individually rather than through a holistic approach. The present study examines the role of personality, cognitive, and biological components in risky decision-making. Here, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) paradigm is used to study the targeted outcome variable (IGT payoff) in 281 healthy students. Two moderation-mediation models hypothesized sensation seeking and lack of premeditation as predictors of IGT payoff. Positive and negative moods prior to IGT administration were considered mediators, and age and gender as moderators in predicting payoff. The hypothesized models were tested using conditional process analysis. Results indicate that both predictors significantly negatively predict payoff while moderated by gender and age categories. Interestingly, the indirect relationships apply to 21\u201334 years old men and 21\u201325 years old women. These age and gender-specific findings in apparently healthy participants highlight the need for replicating the current research in different age groups and clinical populations involving maladaptive decision-making patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T18:30:11Z","timestamp":1675708211000},"page":"e0281324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effect of an affect, sensation seeking, and premeditation on risky decision-making: Conditional process analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0249-6989","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adarsh K.","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Chivukula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0281324.ref001","first-page":"102","article-title":"Understanding risky behavior: The influence of cognitive, emotional and hormonal factors on decision-making under risk.","volume":"8","author":"P Kusev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol [Internet]."},{"key":"pone.0281324.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.023","article-title":"Decision making measured by the Iowa Gambling Task in alcohol use disorder and gambling disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"181","author":"I Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0281324.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-13-05473.1999","article-title":"Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision-making","volume":"19","author":"A Bechara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0281324.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.104367","article-title":"Emotion-driven impulsiveness but not decision-making ability and cognitive inflexibility predicts weight status in adults","volume":"142","author":"JMJ Coumans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281324.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500000152","article-title":"In the winning mood: Affect in the Iowa gambling task.","volume":"3","author":"M de Vries","year":"2008","journal-title":"Judgement and Decision Making"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0281324.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.02.002","article-title":"The Iowa Gambling Task and the somatic marker hypothesis: some questions and answers","volume":"9","author":"A Bechara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pone.0281324.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3","article-title":"Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex","volume":"50","author":"A Bechara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0281324.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.2307\/256844","article-title":"Determinants of Risky Decision-Making Behavior: A Test of the Mediating Role of Risk Perceptions and Propensity.","volume":"38","author":"SB Sitkin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"5843","key":"pone.0281324.ref009","first-page":"1351","article-title":"Prospection: Experiencing the future.","volume":"317","author":"DT Gilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science (1979)."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281324.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.11.004","article-title":"Affect and personality correlates of the Iowa Gambling Task","volume":"43","author":"JA Suhr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"pone.0281324.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.06.013","article-title":"Do facets of self-reported impulsivity predict decision-making under ambiguity and risk? 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