{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T03:45:41Z","timestamp":1793245541831,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and ageing have a strong genetic component. In each case, many associated variants have been discovered, but how much missing heritability remains to be discovered is debated. Variability in the estimation of SNP-based heritability could explain the differences in reported heritability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We compute heritability in five large independent cohorts (N = 7,396, 1,566, 803, 12,528 and 3,963) to determine whether a consensus for the AD heritability estimate can be reached. These cohorts vary by sample size, age of cases and controls and phenotype definition. We compute heritability a) for all SNPs, b) excluding\n                      <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      region, c) excluding both\n                      <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      and genome-wide association study hit regions, and d) SNPs overlapping a microglia gene-set.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SNP-based heritability of late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease is between 38 and 66% when age and genetic disease architecture are correctly accounted for. The heritability estimates decrease by 12% [SD = 8%] on average when the\n                      <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      region is excluded and an additional 1% [SD = 3%] when genome-wide significant regions were removed. A microglia gene-set explains 69\u201384% of our estimates of SNP-based heritability using only 3% of total SNPs in all cohorts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The heritability of neurodegenerative disorders cannot be represented as a single number, because it is dependent on the ages of cases and controls. Genome-wide association studies pick up a large proportion of total AD heritability when age and genetic architecture are correctly accounted for. Around 13% of SNP-based heritability can be explained by known genetic loci and the remaining heritability likely resides around microglial related genes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T13:30:06Z","timestamp":1682688606000},"page":"e0281440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["What does heritability of Alzheimer\u2019s disease represent?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5691-597X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganna","family":"Leonenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl Michael","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Shoai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2148-381X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Itziar","family":"de Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f3","family":"Tesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7688-3087","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henne","family":"Holstege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8766-6224","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wiesje M.","family":"van der Flier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolande A. L.","family":"Pijnenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustin","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"van der Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1784-5483","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valentina","family":"Escott-Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0281440.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1990.tb00940.x","article-title":"A quantitative histological study of early clinical and preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"BM Hubbard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuropathology and applied neurobiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0281440.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.12.003","article-title":"Biomarker modeling of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"80","author":"CR Jack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0281440.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2012.11.008","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: critical notes on the history of a medical concept","volume":"43","author":"J. Ramirez-Bermudez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0281440.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31824b211b","article-title":"Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease at National Institute on Aging Alzheimer Disease Centers, 2005\u20132010","volume":"71","author":"TG Beach","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.12.002","article-title":"Genetic analysis suggests high misassignment rates in clinical Alzheimer\u2019s cases and controls","volume":"77","author":"V Escott-Price","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiology of aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0281440.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-121594","article-title":"Clinicopathologic study of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Alzheimer mimics","volume":"35","author":"YS Shim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0281440.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3377","article-title":"The heritability of human disease: estimation, uses and abuses","volume":"14","author":"A Tenesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0281440.ref008","first-page":"168","volume":"63","author":"M Gatz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Role of"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281440.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830150090013","article-title":"The role of heredity in late-onset Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. A twin study","volume":"54","author":"AL Bergem","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archives of general psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0281440.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01024-z","article-title":"New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias","volume":"54","author":"C Bellenguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281440.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0311-9","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new loci and functional pathways influencing Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk","volume":"51","author":"IE Jansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281440.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0358-2","article-title":"Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer\u2019s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Abeta, tau, immunity and lipid processing","volume":"51","author":"BW Kunkle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281440.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0150-6","article-title":"GWAS on family history of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"8","author":"RE Marioni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3916","article-title":"Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"49","author":"R Sims","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature genetics"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0537-9","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci associated with specific lobar brain volumes","volume":"2","author":"SJ van der Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0281440.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00921-z","article-title":"A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"53","author":"DP Wightman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281440.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22491-8","article-title":"Common variants in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores","volume":"12","author":"I de Rojas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7168","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7168","article-title":"Age-related late-onset disease heritability patterns and implications for genome-wide association studies.","volume":"7","author":"RT Oliynyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0281440.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0800-0","article-title":"Polygenic and clinical risk scores and their impact on age at onset and prediction of cardiometabolic diseases and common cancers","volume":"26","author":"N Mars","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0281440.ref020","first-page":"112","article-title":"Biological and Cognitive Markers of Presenilin1 E280A Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Comprehensive Review of the Colombian Kindred.","volume":"6","author":"JT Fuller","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.024","article-title":"Assessment of the genetic variance of late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"PG Ridge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiology of aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0281440.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.7.964","article-title":"Risk estimates of dementia by apolipoprotein E genotypes from a population-based incidence study: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"55","author":"AJ Slooter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0281440.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.03.021","article-title":"Estimation of Genetic Correlation via Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and Genomic Restricted Maximum Likelihood","volume":"102","author":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics C","year":"2018","journal-title":"American journal of human genetics"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref024","article-title":"Genome wide association studies for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: bigger is not always better.","author":"V Escott-Price","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281440.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.01.010","article-title":"2019 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures.","volume":"15","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia."},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0281440.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828726f5","article-title":"Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010\u20132050) estimated using the 2010 census.","volume":"80","author":"LE Hebert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0281440.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2016.02.016","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Europe: A meta-analysis.","volume":"32","author":"H Niu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain)."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0281440.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.9.1337","article-title":"Projections of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset","volume":"88","author":"R Brookmeyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"American journal of public health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0281440.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.263","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: risk, mechanisms and therapy.","volume":"9","author":"CC Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281440.ref030","article-title":"Risk prediction of late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease implies an oligogenic architecture","volume":"11","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281440.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1984.tb00351.x","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s presenile dementia, senile dementia of Alzheimer type and Down\u2019s syndrome in middle age form an age related continuum of pathological changes.","volume":"10","author":"DM Mann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neuropathology and applied neurobiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0281440.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1010294","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010294","article-title":"Neurocognitive trajectory and proteomic signature of inherited risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"MD Paranjpe","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS genetics"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.09.014","article-title":"Greater effect of polygenic risk score for Alzheimer\u2019s disease among younger cases who are apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 carriers","volume":"99","author":"B Fulton-Howard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiology of aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0281440.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv268","article-title":"Common polygenic variation enhances risk prediction for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"138","author":"V Escott-Price","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.024","article-title":"Age-dependent effect of APOE and polygenic component on Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"93","author":"E Bellou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiology of aging"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref036","article-title":"Identifying individuals with high risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease using polygenic risk scores","author":"G Leonenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281440.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.02.002","article-title":"Estimating missing heritability for disease from genome-wide association studies","volume":"88","author":"SH Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"American journal of human genetics"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-326","article-title":"Genetic structure of the Spanish population","volume":"11","author":"J Gayan","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0281440.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.06.4950","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes reveal novel loci associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and three causality networks: The GR@ACE project.","volume":"15","author":"S Moreno-Grau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia."},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0281440.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq221","article-title":"Association of CR1, CLU and PICALM with Alzheimer\u2019s disease in a cohort of clinically characterized and neuropathologically verified individuals","volume":"19","author":"JJ Corneveaux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human molecular genetics"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0281440.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2007.16","article-title":"A survey of genetic human cortical gene expression","volume":"39","author":"AJ Myers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref042","article-title":"The human brainome: network analysis identifies HSPA2 as a novel Alzheimer\u2019s disease target","author":"VA Petyuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0281440.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.03.011","article-title":"Genetic control of human brain transcript expression in Alzheimer disease","volume":"84","author":"JA Webster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.2174\/156720512801322573","article-title":"Overview and Findings from the Religious Orders Study.","volume":"9","author":"D Bennett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Alzheimer research."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0281440.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2174\/156720512801322663","article-title":"Overview and findings from the rush Memory and Aging Project.","volume":"9","author":"DA Bennett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"pone.0281440.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-179939","article-title":"Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project","volume":"64","author":"DA Bennett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281440.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age.","volume":"12","author":"C Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281440.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170850","article-title":"Amsterdam Dementia Cohort: Performing Research to Optimize Care","volume":"62","author":"WM van der Flier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281440.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01018-7","article-title":"Immune response and endocytosis pathways are associated with the resilience against Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"10","author":"N Tesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281440.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.11.011","article-title":"GCTA: A Tool for Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis","volume":"88","author":"J Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"The American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0281440.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3390","article-title":"Genetic variance estimation with imputed variants finds negligible missing heritability for human height and body mass index","volume":"47","author":"J Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature genetics"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0281440.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406","article-title":"An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits","volume":"47","author":"B Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281440.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24485-y","article-title":"Improved genetic prediction of complex traits from individual-level data or summary statistics","volume":"12","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0281440.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30435-1","article-title":"Interpretation of risk loci from genome-wide association studies of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"SJ Andrews","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"6344","key":"pone.0281440.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaal3222","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3222","article-title":"An environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity","volume":"356","author":"D Gosselin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281440.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-018-0523-8","article-title":"Genetic risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease is concentrated in specific macrophage and microglial transcriptional networks","volume":"10","author":"KE Tansey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0323769","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0281440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T13:31:25Z","timestamp":1682688685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0281440"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Toni-Kim","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0281440","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]}}}