{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:46:10Z","timestamp":1792622770471,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Blast-induced lung injury is associated with inflammatory, which are characterised by disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, haemorrhage, pulmonary infiltrateration causing oedema formation, pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release, and anti-inflammatory counter-regulation. The objective of the current study was to define sequence of such alterations in with establishing blast-induced lung injury in rats using an advanced blast generator.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Rats underwent a standardized blast wave trauma and were euthanised at defined time points. Non-traumatised animals served as sham controls. Obtained samples from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at each time-point were assessed for histology, leukocyte infiltration and cytokine\/chemokine profile.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After blast lung injury, significant haemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration were observed. Similarly, protein accumulation, lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), alveolar eicosanoid release, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, pro-Inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL) -6 raised up. While declining in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 occurred. Ultimately, pulmonary oedema developed that increased to its maximum level within the first 1.5 h, then recovered within 24 h.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Using a stablished model, can facilitate the study of inflammatory response to blast lung injury. Following the blast injury, alteration in cytokine\/chemokine profile and activity of cells in the alveolar space occurs, which eventuates in alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction and oedema formation. Most of these parameters exhibit time-dependent return to their basal status that is an indication to resilience of lungs to blast-induced lung injury.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T18:01:03Z","timestamp":1678989663000},"page":"e0281446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Characteristics of inflammatory response and repair after experimental blast lung injury in rats"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Hamacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6285-4912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yalda","family":"Hadizamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanno","family":"Huwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ueli","family":"Moehrlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Bally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uz","family":"Stammberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albrecht","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3805-8868","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rudolf","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281446.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2018-001058","article-title":"Pathophysiology of primary blast injury","volume":"165","author":"J.E. 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