{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T13:59:53Z","timestamp":1776347993540,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>has been linked to several diseases such as chronic urticaria, gastritis, and type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors (type 1 gNET). Although these diseases seem to have different mechanisms, their relationship with<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>suggests a common inflammatory pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify potential cross-reactive antigens between<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>and humans involved in chronic urticaria and type 1 gNET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alignment was carried out among human proteins associated with urticaria (9 proteins), type 1 gNET (32 proteins), and<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>proteome. We performed pairwise alignment among the human and<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>antigens with PSI-BLAST. Modeling based on homology was done with the Swiss model server and epitope prediction with the Ellipro server. Epitopes were located on a 3D model using PYMOL software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The highest conserved sequence was found between the human HSP 60 antigen and the<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>chaperonin GroEL with an identity of 54% and a cover of 92%, followed by the alpha and gamma enolases and two<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>phosphopyruvate hydratase, both with an identity and cover of 48% and 96%, respectively. The H\/K ATPase (Chain A) showed high identity with two<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>proteins (35.21% with both P-type ATPase), but with low cover (only 6%). We observed eight linear and three discontinuous epitopes for human HSP 60 and three lineal and one discontinuous epitope for both alpha-enolase and gamma enolase, high conserved with<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>sequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec005\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some type 1 gNET antigens shared potential cross-reactive epitopes with<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>proteins, suggesting that molecular mimicry could be a mechanism that explains the relationship between the infection and this disease. Studies evaluating the functional impact of this relationship are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T18:01:51Z","timestamp":1682445711000},"page":"e0281485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Potential contribution of Helicobacter pylori proteins in the pathogenesis of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumor and urticaria. 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