{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:16:06Z","timestamp":1778922966090,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dippity Pig Syndrome (DPS) is a well-known but rare complex of clinical signs affecting minipigs, which has not been thoroughly investigated yet. Clinically affected animals show acute appearance of red, exudating lesions across the spine. The lesions are painful, evidenced by arching of the back (dipping), and the onset of clinical signs is generally sudden. In order to understand the pathogenesis, histological and virological investigations were performed in affected and unaffected G\u00f6ttingen Minipigs (G\u00f6MPs). The following DNA viruses were screened for using PCR-based methods: Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), which is a porcine roseolovirus (PCMV\/PRV), porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, PLHV-3), porcine circoviruses (PCV1, PCV2, PCV3, PCV4), porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1), and Torque Teno sus viruses (TTSuV1, TTSuV2). Screening was also performed for integrated porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV-A, PERV-B, PERV-C) and recombinant PERV-A\/C and their expression as well as for the RNA viruses hepatitis E virus (HEV) and SARS-CoV-2. Eight clinically affected and one unaffected G\u00f6MPs were analyzed. Additional unaffected minipigs had been analyzed in the past. The analyzed G\u00f6MPs contained PERV-A and PERV-B integrated in the genome, which are present in all pigs and PERV-C, which is present in most, but not all pigs. In one affected G\u00f6MPs recombinant PERV-A\/C was detected in blood. In this animal a very high expression of PERV mRNA was observed. PCMV\/PRV was found in three affected animals, PCV1 was found in three animals with DPS and in the unaffected minipig, and PCV3 was detected in two animals with DPS and in the unaffected minipig. Most importantly, in one animal only PLHV-3 was detected. It was found in the affected and unaffected skin, and in other organs. Unfortunately, PLHV-3 could not be studied in all other affected minipigs. None of the other viruses were detected and using electron microscopy, no virus particles were found in the affected skin. No porcine virus RNA with exception of PERV and astrovirus RNA were detected in the affected skin by next generation sequencing. This data identified some virus infections in G\u00f6MPs with DPS and assign a special role to PLHV-3. Since PCMV\/PRV, PCV1, PCV3 and PLHV-3 were also found in unaffected animals, a multifactorial cause of DPS is suggested. However, elimination of the viruses from G\u00f6MPs may prevent DPS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T17:57:23Z","timestamp":1686851843000},"page":"e0281521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["First virological and pathological study of G\u00f6ttingen Minipigs with Dippity Pig Syndrome (DPS)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hina","family":"Jhelum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6032-6737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nanna","family":"Grand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten Rosenmay","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Halecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Salerno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Prate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luise","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Krabben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Laue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1328-2695","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Kaufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Kaaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3244-6085","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joachim","family":"Denner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0281521.ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Common dermatologic conditions in Vietnamese potbellied pigs\u2014Part I: dry skin, mange, and dippity pig syndrome","volume":"19961","author":"V Tynes","journal-title":"Exotic Pet Pract"},{"key":"pone.0281521.ref002","first-page":"28","article-title":": What is known about the dippity pig syndrome?","volume":"143","author":"M Dijkhorst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tijdschr Diergeneeskd"},{"key":"pone.0281521.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623315622423","article-title":"A brief review of infrequent spontaneous findings, peculiar anatomical microscopic features, and potential artifacts in G\u00f6ttingen minipigs","volume":"44","author":"EF McInnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0281521.ref004","first-page":"751","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Toxicologic Pathology","author":"K Helke","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0281521.ref005","first-page":"214","article-title":"Pet pig medicine 2","volume":"30","author":"W Carr","year":"2008","journal-title":"The sick pig. 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