{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:50:28Z","timestamp":1784821828050,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107742\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107742\/Z\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The tuberculin skin test is commonly used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in resource-limited settings, but its specificity is limited by factors including cross-reactivity with BCG vaccine and environmental mycobacteria. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) overcome this problem by detecting <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> complex-specific responses, but studies to determine risk factors for IGRA-positivity in high TB burden settings are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine factors associated with a positive IGRA by employing the QuantiFERON-TB<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Gold-plus (QFT Plus) assay in a cohort of asymptomatic adult TB contacts in Kampala, Uganda. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with forward stepwise logit function was employed to identify independent correlates of QFT Plus-positivity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the 202 participants enrolled, 129\/202 (64%) were female, 173\/202 (86%) had a BCG scar, and 67\/202 (33%) were HIV-infected. Overall, 105\/192 (54%, 95% CI 0.48\u20130.62) participants had a positive QFT Plus result. Increased risk of QFT-Plus positivity was independently associated with casual employment\/unemployment vs. non-casual employment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.18, 95% CI 1.01\u20134.72), a family vs. non-family relation to the index patient (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.33\u20136.18), living in the same vs. a different house as the index (aOR 3.05, 95% CI 1.28\u20137.29), a higher body mass index (BMI) (aOR per additional kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 1.09, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.18) and tobacco smoking vs. not (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.00\u20138.60). HIV infection was not associated with QFT-Plus positivity (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.42\u20131.96).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Interferon Gamma Release Assay positivity in this study population was lower than previously estimated. Tobacco smoking and BMI were determinants of IGRA positivity that were previously unappreciated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T17:26:33Z","timestamp":1679937993000},"page":"e0281559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Determinants of QuantiFERON Plus-diagnosed tuberculosis infection in adult Ugandan TB contacts: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9611-2178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Mayito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5387-1721","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adrian R.","family":"Martineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Nakiyingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Kateete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Reece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene Andia","family":"Biraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0281559.ref001","unstructured":"WHO, Global tuberculosis report 2021. 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