{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:02:29Z","timestamp":1787320949215,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M3E5D1A01068992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M3E5D1A01068992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1C1C1004572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1C1C1004572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glycolytic reprogramming is a key feature of chronic inflammatory disease. Extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by myofibroblasts plays an important role in tissue remodeling of nasal mucosa in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study aimed to determine whether glycolytic reprogramming contributes to myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production in nasal fibroblasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary nasal fibroblasts were isolated from the nasal mucosa of patients with CRS. Glycolytic reprogramming was assessed by measuring the extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption rates in nasal fibroblast, with and without transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-\u03b21) treatment. Expression of glycolytic enzymes and ECM components was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemical staining. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using whole RNA-sequencing data of nasal mucosa of healthy donors and patients with CRS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glycolysis of nasal fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-B1 was upregulated along with glycolytic enzymes. Hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF)-1\u03b1 was a high-level regulator of glycolysis, and increased HIF-1\u03b1 expression promoted glycolysis of nasal fibroblasts, and inhibition of HIF-1\u03b1 down-regulated myofibroblasts differentiation and ECM production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme and HIF-1\u03b1 in nasal fibroblasts regulates myofibroblast differentiation and ECM generation associated with nasal mucosa remodeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T13:38:17Z","timestamp":1676554697000},"page":"e0281640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Glycolytic reprogramming is involved in tissue remodeling on chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Min-Sik","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Woo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3221-640X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joo-Hoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2090-9612","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae-Min","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il-Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl S29","key":"pone.0281640.ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020","volume":"58","author":"W.J. 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