{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T07:42:40Z","timestamp":1781163760212,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham","award":["HHSN268201800005I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800005I"]}]},{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with Northwestern University","award":["HHSN268201800003I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800003I"]}]},{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with the University of Minnesota","award":["HHSN268201800006I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800006I"]}]},{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with the Kaiser Foundation Research Institute","award":["HHSN268201800004I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800004I"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health, NIH,","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH, R01HL104580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH, R01HL104580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH, R01DK098072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH, R01DK098072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH-NRSA, 2T32DK007686-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-NRSA, 2T32DK007686-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2C HD050924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2C HD050924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to shed light on contradictory associations of alcohol intake with waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) by examining 5-yr changes in alcohol intake in relation to 5-yr WC and BMI changes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This prospective study included 4,355 participants (1,974 men and 2,381 women) enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study at baseline (1985\u20131986) and followed over 25 years (2010\u20132011). Longitudinal random effects linear regression models were used to test whether changes in drinking (defined categorically) as starting to drink, increasing, decreasing, stable drinking or stopping drinking (versus stable non-drinking) over a series of 5-yr periods were associated with corresponding 5-yr WC and BMI changes. Associations with 5-yr changes (defined categorically as starting, stable or stopping) in drinking level (i.e., light\/moderate and excessive) and 5-yr changes (defined categorically as increasing, no change, or decreasing) by beverage type (i.e., beer, wine and liquor\/mixed drinks) were also examined.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In men, compared to stable non-drinking, decreasing total alcohol intake was associated with lower 5-yr WC (\u03b2:-0.62 cm; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.14 cm) and BMI gains (\u03b2:-0.20 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.03 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and stopping excessive drinking was associated with lower 5-yr WC gains (\u03b2:-0.77 cm; 95% CI: -1.51, -0.03 cm). In women, compared to those with stable non-drinking habits, starting light\/moderate drinking was associated with lower 5-yr WC (\u03b2: -0.78 cm; 95% CI: -1.29, -0.26 cm) and BMI gains (\u03b2:-0.42 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; 95% CI: -0.64, -0.20 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Increasing wine intake was associated with a lower 5-yr BMI gain (\u03b2:-0.27 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.03 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Decreasing liquor\/mixed drink (\u03b2:-0.33 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.09 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) intake was associated with lower 5-yr WC (\u03b2:-0.88 cm; 95% CI: -1.43, -0.34 cm) and BMI (\u03b2:-0.33 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.09 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) gains.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Associations of alcohol intake with obesity measures are complex. In women, wine and liquor\/mixed drink intakes had contrasting associations with WC and BMI change. In men, decreasing weekly alcoholic beverage intake with an emphasis on stopping excessive consumption may be beneficial in managing WC and BMI gains.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T18:26:37Z","timestamp":1678299997000},"page":"e0281722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations of 5-year changes in alcoholic beverage intake with 5-year changes in waist circumference and BMI in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8407-7341","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J. 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