{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T01:51:23Z","timestamp":1771465883630,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017651","name":"The Richard Lounsbery Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017651","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study is to anatomically evaluate the impact on the patient<jats:italic>intra vitam<\/jats:italic>of an endocranial condition on a late 20<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>century skull housed in the Section of Legal Medicine of the University of Foggia (Foggia, Apulia, Italy). After performing a retrospective diagnosis, the condition is framed in the broader context of studies on this pathology. An anthropological and radiological analysis (X-ray and CT scan imaging) made it possible to confirm the preliminary information and to detail the osteological diagnosis of HFI. In order to assess the impact on the cerebral surface of the endocranial growth a 3D endocast was obtained using the Software<jats:italic>OrtogOnBlender<\/jats:italic>. The skull is demonstrated to have belonged to a female senile individual known, from limited documentary evidence, to have suffered from a psychiatric condition during her life. The final diagnosis is<jats:italic>hyperostosis frontalis interna<\/jats:italic>(HFI), Type D. Although a direct correlation between the demonstrated intracranial bony growth and the onset of the patient\u2019s psychiatric condition is difficult to retrospectively ascertain, the pressure exerted on this female individual\u2019s frontal lobe may have contributed to further degenerative behavioural changes in the last years of her life. This case adds to previous knowledge, especially from the palaeopathological literature, on this condition and, for the first time, presents a neuroanatomical approach to assess the global impact of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T18:22:37Z","timestamp":1678126957000},"page":"e0281727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Morpho-radiological and brain endocast analysis in the study of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna (HFI): A combined approach"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6637-9402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elena","family":"Varotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco Pio","family":"Cafarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Maglietta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9479-0028","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C\u00edcero","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietrantonio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco Maria","family":"Galassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281727.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3406\/bmsap.1979.1945","article-title":"Recommandations pour d\u00e9terminer l\u2019\u00e2ge et le sexe sur le squelette","volume":"6","author":"D Ferembach","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull Mem Soc Anthropol Paris"},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330680106","article-title":"Ectocranial suture closure: a revised method for the determination of age at death based on the lateral-anterior sutures","volume":"68","author":"RS Meindl","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref003","unstructured":"Moraes C, Dornelles R, da Rosa E. OrtogOnBlender\u2014O que \u00e9 e Aspectos T\u00e9cnicos. Figshare, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.12923729.v1"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0281727.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005312","article-title":"Unique Osteoid Osteoma of the Frontal Sinus From the Late Roman Empire","volume":"30","author":"E Varotto","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281727.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006240","article-title":"Further Paleoradiological Evidence of Frontal Sinus Osteoma in Ancient Egypt","volume":"31","author":"FM Galassi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0281727.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0166571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166571","article-title":"Queen Nefertari, the Royal Spouse of Pharaoh Ramses II: A Multidisciplinary Investigation of the Mummified Remains Found in Her Tomb (QV66)","volume":"11","author":"ME Habicht","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0281727.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3565-1","article-title":"First-time complete visualization of a preserved meningeal artery in the mummy of Nakht-ta-Netjeret (ca. 950 BC)","volume":"40","author":"R Seiler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref008","unstructured":"Moraes C, Dornelles R, da Rosa E. Sistema de Reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o de Tomografia Computadorizada Baseado no Slicer 3D e no DicomToMesh. Figshare, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.13513890.v1."},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref009","unstructured":"https:\/\/docs.blender.org\/manual\/en\/latest\/modeling\/modifiers\/generate\/booleans.html (last accessed on 27th February 2021)."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0281727.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2021.28.1.1","article-title":"Using 21st-Century Technologies to Determine the Cognitive Capabilities of a 11,000-Year-Old Perak Man Who Had Brachymesophalangia Type A2","volume":"28","author":"JY Abdullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281727.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23133","article-title":"Hyperostosis frontalis interna in female historic skeletal populations: Age, sex hormones and the impact of industrialization","volume":"162","author":"AG Western","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0281727.ref012","first-page":"206","article-title":"Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna: Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"34","author":"R She","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0281727.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.28.2.171","article-title":"Incidence of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna in Patients at a General Hospital and at a Mental Hospital","volume":"28","author":"TD Hawkins","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0281727.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-3919.115406","article-title":"Hyperostosis fronto-parietalis mimicking metastasis to the skull: Unveiled on SPECT\/CT","volume":"27","author":"M Tripathi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<303::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Hyperostosis frontalis interna: an anthropological perspective","volume":"109","author":"I Hershkovitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0281727.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22325","article-title":"Intracranial volume, cranial thickness, and hyperostosis frontalis interna in the elderly","volume":"24","author":"H May","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2001.1481","article-title":"Are hyperostosis frontalis interna and leptin linked? A hypothetical approach about hormonal influence on human microevolution","volume":"58","author":"FJ Ruhli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050703","article-title":"Unusually exuberant hyperostosis frontalis interna: MRI","volume":"41","author":"G Chaljub","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0281727.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-7-9-624","article-title":"The clinical significance of hyperostosis frontalis interna","volume":"7","author":"NG Schneeberg","year":"1947","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-34-1-163","article-title":"Metabolic craniopathy: a review of the literature with report of a case with diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","author":"S. Dann","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0281727.ref021","first-page":"170","article-title":"Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna: A Case Report","volume":"10","author":"A Fakoya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Health Sci"},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2004.04.003","article-title":"Hyperostosis frontalis interna: archaeological evidence of possible microevolution of human sex steroid?","volume":"55","author":"FJ Ruhli","year":"2004","journal-title":"HOMO"},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref023","first-page":"395","article-title":"The effects of skull thickness variations on human head dynamic impact responses","volume":"45","author":"J Ruan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281727.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e3181d3dba4","article-title":"Rate of Occurrence, Gross Appearance, and Age Relation of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna in Females. A Prospective Autopsy Study","volume":"31","author":"S Nikolic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0281727.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199703240-00049","article-title":"The seats of reason? An imaging study of deductive and inductive reasoning","volume":"8","author":"V Goel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0281727.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00881.x","article-title":"Prefrontal and paralimbic metabolic dysregulation related to sustained attention in euthymic older adults with bipolar disorder","volume":"12","author":"JO 3rd Brooks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0281727.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.109.12.929","article-title":"Frontal bone hyperostosis in psychoses; a clinical study","volume":"109","author":"J. Notkin","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0281727.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.07.2011.4439","article-title":"Frontal cortex dysfunction due to extensive hyperostosis frontalis interna","volume":"2012","author":"T Gilbert","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0281727","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T21:38:28Z","timestamp":1729028308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0281727"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David","family":"Caramelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0281727","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]}}}