{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:29:06Z","timestamp":1793039346627,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["AI 118684-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI 118684-2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011086","name":"NASPGHAN Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Summer Mentored Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Summer Mentored Research Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nWhile there are many epidemiologic studies of Asian immigrants to the West and risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the phenotype and lifestyle of Asian patients, particularly children, with IBD are not well described. In this study, we describe lifestyle practices, such as dietary pattern, as well as disease phenotype in Asian American children with IBD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nWe reviewed the records of children with IBD, ages 0 to 21 years old, and race identified as Asian, Indian, or Pacific Islander. Patients who received outpatient IBD care at our center between January 2013 and January 2020 were included. We excluded patients who were international second opinions, who did not have a definitive diagnosis of IBD, and in whom a diagnosis of IBD was made after 18 years of age. A survey, including a food frequency questionnaire adapted from NHANES DSQ with modifications to include culturally appropriate food elements, was designed and conducted within this cohort to assess for dietary patterns.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nAsian patients in our cohort have similar phenotypes as non-Asians with few distinctive differences. There was a Crohn\u2019s disease and male predominance similar with non-Asians. However, there was a high rate of proctitis in ulcerative colitis in Asian patients. Asian patients reported a typical dietary pattern that reflects a Westernized pattern rather than a traditional pattern. Despite a similar dietary pattern, there was a high rate of 25-OH Vitamin D deficiency (44%) and insufficiency (40%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nThis single center study showed that the phenotype of Asian children with IBD in the U.S. is similar with that of non-Asian with a few distinct differences. The Asian children in our cohort reported following a Westernized dietary pattern and lifestyle. However, there was a high rate of Vitamin D deficiency surrounding diagnosis, suggesting a need for vigilant monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T17:28:41Z","timestamp":1679506121000},"page":"e0281949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical and lifestyle patterns in Asian children with inflammatory bowel disease in the U.S."],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0199-0056","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elana B.","family":"Mitchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3651-0921","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natalie","family":"Stoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Baldassano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2592-8708","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lindsey","family":"Albenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0281949.ref001","article-title":"Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases from west to east","author":"Z Vegh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0281949.ref002","article-title":"Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in India: The Great Shift East","author":"S Kedia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Intest Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0281949.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i3.424","article-title":"Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in racial and ethnic migrant 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Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel disease: The Paris classification","volume":"17","author":"A Levine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"pone.0281949.ref011","article-title":"Update on NHANES dietary data: Focus on collection, release, analytical considerations, and uses to inform public policy","author":"N Ahluwalia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0281949.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.246058","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the national cancer institute\u2019s dietary screener questionnaire scoring algorithms","volume":"147","author":"FE Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0281949.ref013","article-title":"Distinct Histopathological Features at Diagnosis of Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease","author":"MA Conrad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s 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Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline. 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