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Human neuroimaging studies showed abnormal functional brain networks might be involved in anxiety. In this study, we expected similar changes in network topology are also present in dogs. We performed resting-state functional MRI on 25 healthy dogs and 13 patients. The generic Canine Behavioral Assessment &amp; Research Questionnaire was used to evaluate anxiety symptoms. We constructed functional brain networks and used graph theory to compare the differences between two groups. No significant differences in global network topology were found. However, focusing on the anxiety circuit, global efficiency and local efficiency were significantly higher, and characteristic path length was significantly lower in the amygdala in patients. We detected higher connectivity between amygdala-hippocampus, amygdala-mesencephalon, amygdala-thalamus, frontal lobe-hippocampus, frontal lobe-thalamus, and hippocampus-thalamus, all part of the anxiety circuit. Moreover, correlations between network metrics and anxiety symptoms were significant. Altered network measures in the amygdala were correlated with stranger-directed fear and excitability; altered degree in the hippocampus was related to attachment\/attention seeking, trainability, and touch sensitivity; abnormal frontal lobe function was related to chasing and familiar dog aggression; attachment\/attention seeking was correlated with functional connectivity between amygdala-hippocampus and amygdala-thalamus; familiar dog aggression was related to global network topology change. These findings may shed light on the aberrant topological organization of functional brain networks underlying anxiety in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T17:33:41Z","timestamp":1678901621000},"page":"e0282087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Network analysis reveals abnormal functional brain circuitry in anxious dogs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4666-8017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yangfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Christiaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"De Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathelijne","family":"Peremans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jimmy H.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-5980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian","family":"Vanhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Baeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0282087.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0282087.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2020.18.3.341","article-title":"A review of behavioral tests to evaluate different types of anxiety and anti-anxiety effects","volume":"18","author":"D Himanshu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0282087.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.04.012","article-title":"Functional network dysfunction in anxiety and anxiety disorders","volume":"35","author":"CM Sylvester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in neurosciences"},{"key":"pone.0282087.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.011","article-title":"Network analysis reveals disrupted functional brain circuitry in drug-naive social anxiety disorder","volume":"190","author":"X Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0282087.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.122","article-title":"Hippocampal network connectivity and activation differentiates post-traumatic stress disorder from generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"38","author":"AC Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0282087.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.05.021","article-title":"Brain regions associated with the expression and contextual regulation of anxiety in primates","volume":"58","author":"NH Kalin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0282087.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.02.003","article-title":"Altered brain activity processing in high-anxiety rodents revealed by challenge paradigms and functional mapping","volume":"31","author":"N. 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