{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:11:35Z","timestamp":1792044695507,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010221","name":"Higher Education Commision, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes a variety of severe illnesses as well as mastitis. The distribution of mastitis-causing <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and its virulence factors vary by country and geographical location. The present study aimed to find out the occurrence of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and their capsular resistance genes which were undocumented previously in cow farms of district Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 700 milk samples from symptomatic mastitic cows were screened for MDR <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, the characterization of capsular resistance genes was done by molecular techniques. Among these samples, <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was found 180\/700 (25.7%), while MDR <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was found 80\/180 (44.4%). The antibiogram analysis revealed high resistance to Vancomycin (95%) while highly sensitive to Ceftazidime (80%). The distribution of capsular genes shows the most common serotype K2 gene 39\/80 (48.7%), followed by serotype K1 gene 34\/80 (42.5%), serotype K5 17\/80 (21.2%), and serotype K54 13\/80 (16.2), respectively. Moreover, the co-occurrence of serotypes K1+K2 was found at 11.25%, KI+K5 was 05%, K1+K54 was 3.75%, and K2+K5 was 7.5%, respectively. A statistically significant association (p \u2264 0.05) was found between predicted and discovered <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> values. In conclusion, the presence of MDR <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> in combination with capsular genes may be a possible threat to dairy farm animals and humans in Peshawar, Pakistan. It may give us special attention to follow up on hygienic practices in livestock management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T18:29:15Z","timestamp":1677522555000},"page":"e0282245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Multidrug resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae reservoir and their capsular resistance genes in cow farms of district Peshawar, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Saddam","family":"Saddam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6545-7616","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muddasir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhsin","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadeeq 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