{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:24:37Z","timestamp":1787505877854,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chronic pain affects more than 30% of the general population. The 9-item Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-9) is a shortened version of the CSI-25, which is a patient-reported instrument used to screen people at risk of central sensitization (CS). The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate a Chinese version of the CSI-9. The Chinese CSI-9 was generated by translation of the original English version, back-translation, cultural adaptation, and revision using the Delphi method. The Chinese CSI-9 was administered to 235 patients with chronic pain and 55 healthy controls. Structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis), construct validity (correlations with other scales), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC), and internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1) were evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using one factor. The Chinese CSI-9 score was positively correlated with the Pain Catastrophic Scale (PCS) total score (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.463), PCS subscale scores (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.347\u20130.463), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) mean item score (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.524), BPI total score (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.773), and the number of painful sites (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.451). The Chinese CSI-9 had excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.958) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 = 0.902 in the overall sample and 0.828 in the chronic pain population). The optimal cut-off value for the Chinese CSI-9 was 18 points. The Chinese CSI-9 had excellent test-retest reliability and satisfactory structural validity and construct validity. The CSI-9 could potentially be utilized in China as a self-report questionnaire in both clinical practice and research settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T13:40:02Z","timestamp":1678974002000},"page":"e0282419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the short-form of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-9) in patients with chronic pain: A single-center study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9830-0225","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongfeng","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangli","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0282419.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6736a2","article-title":"Prevalence of Chronic Pain and 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