{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:13:36Z","timestamp":1790745216357,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is spread primarily through exposure to respiratory droplets from close contact with an infected person. To inform prevention measures, we conducted a case-control study among Colorado adults to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from community exposures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cases were symptomatic Colorado adults (aged \u226518 years) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) reported to Colorado\u2019s COVID-19 surveillance system. From March 16 to December 23, 2021, cases were randomly selected from surveillance data \u226412 days after their specimen collection date. Cases were matched on age, zip code (urban areas) or region (rural\/frontier areas), and specimen collection date with controls randomly selected among persons with a reported negative SARS-CoV-2 test result. Data on close contact and community exposures were obtained from surveillance and a survey administered online.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The most common exposure locations among all cases and controls were place of employment, social events, or gatherings and the most frequently reported exposure relationship was co-worker or friend. Cases were more likely than controls to work outside the home (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09\u20131.28) in industries and occupations related to accommodation and food services, retail sales, and construction. Cases were also more likely than controls to report contact with a non-household member with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 (aOR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06\u20131.27).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Understanding the settings and activities associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential for informing prevention measures aimed at reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory diseases. These findings emphasize the risk of community exposure to infected persons and the need for workplace precautions in preventing ongoing transmission.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T18:42:25Z","timestamp":1677782545000},"page":"e0282422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Community exposures among Colorado adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 \u2013A case-control study, March-December 2021"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5496-708X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alice E.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda D.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Torok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel H.","family":"Jervis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette A.","family":"Albanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea G.","family":"Buchwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Schmoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginger","family":"Stringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel K.","family":"Herlihy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine J.","family":"Scallan Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"pone.0282422.ref001","first-page":"847","article-title":"Exposures before issuance of stay-at-home orders among persons with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19\u2014Colorado, March 2020.","volume":"69","author":"K Marshall","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"issue":"36","key":"pone.0282422.ref002","first-page":"1258","article-title":"Community and close contact exposures associated with COVID-19 Among symptomatic adults \u226518 years in 11 outpatient health care facilities\u2014United States, July 2020.","volume":"69","author":"KA Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"issue":"44","key":"pone.0282422.ref003","first-page":"1648","article-title":"Telework before illness onset among symptomatic adults aged \u226518 years with and without COVID-19 in 11 outpatient health care facilities\u2014United States, July 2020.","volume":"69","author":"KA Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"pone.0282422.ref004","first-page":"e188","article-title":"Work and worker health in the post-pandemic world: A public health perspective","volume":"7","author":"S Peters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0282422.ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Case-control study of contextual factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission.","volume":"9","author":"A Leite","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Heal"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0282422.ref006","first-page":"212","article-title":"Effectiveness of face mask or respirator use in indoor public settings for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection\u2014California, February\u2013December 2021.","volume":"71","author":"KL Andrejko","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T18:42:26Z","timestamp":1677782546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282422"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ismail Ayoade","family":"Odetokun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282422","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]}}}