{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:59:23Z","timestamp":1791845963498,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP.1\/116\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP.1\/116\/43"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005911","name":"Najran University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Because of the recent progress in materials properties, specifically high-strength concrete, further research is needed to evaluate its suitability, understanding, and performance in the modern-day world. This research aims to enhance the performance of ultra-high-strength geopolymer concrete (UHS-GPC) by adding nano-silica (NS) and polypropylene fibers (PPFs). Three 1%, 2%, and 3% different amounts of PPFs and three NS 5%, 10%, and 15% were utilized in the samples. Various performance parameters of UHS-GPC were evaluated, such as fresh property, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity split tensile, flexural and bonding strength, drying shrinkage, load-displacement test, fracture performance, and elevated temperature. The test outcomes showed that by raising the percentage of PPFs and NS to the allowable limit, the performance of UHS-GPC can be improved significantly. The most improved performance of UHS-GPC was obtained at 2% polypropylene fibers and 10% nano-silica, as the compressive, splitting tensile, flexural. Bond strength was improved by 17.07%, 47.1%, 36.52, and 37.58%, and the modulus of elasticity increased by 31.4% at 56 days. The study showed that the sample with 2% PPFs and 10% NS had excellent performance in the load-displacement test, drying shrinkage, fracture behavior, and elevated temperature. At 750\u00b0C elevated temperature, the samples\u2019 strength was reduced drastically, but at 250\u00b0C, the modified samples showed good resistance to heat by retaining their compressive strength to some degree. The present work showed the suitability of PPFs and NS to develop ultra-high-strength geopolymer concrete, which can be used as a possible alternate material for Portland cement-based concrete.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T14:30:24Z","timestamp":1682001024000},"page":"e0282435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["RETRACTED: Experimental study on the properties of ultra-high-strength geopolymer concrete with polypropylene fibers and nano-silica"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fadi","family":"Althoey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8071-1341","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Osama","family":"Zaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Alsulamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"de Prado-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6045-0255","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Arbili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0282435.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2021.03.112","article-title":"Strength and chloride ion penetration resistance of ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete","volume":"32","author":"SHG Mousavinejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"pone.0282435.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.074","article-title":"Explicit formulation of drying and autogenous shrinkage of concretes with binary and ternary blends of silica fume and fly ash","volume":"94","author":"K Mermerda\u015f","year":"2015","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"key":"pone.0282435.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.129","article-title":"High strength sustainable concrete using silica nanoparticles","volume":"138","author":"R Palla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"key":"pone.0282435.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119785","article-title":"Use of waste marble dust and recycled glass for sustainable concrete production","volume":"251","author":"SC Bostanci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"pone.0282435.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.002","article-title":"Efficiency of waste marble powder in controlling alkali\u2013silica reaction of concrete: A sustainable approach","volume":"154","author":"MJ Munir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"key":"pone.0282435.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92228-6","article-title":"A step towards sustainable glass fiber reinforced concrete utilizing silica fume and waste coconut shell aggregate","volume":"11","author":"O Zaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0282435.ref007","first-page":"e01109","article-title":"Sustainable Application of Coal Bottom Ash as Fine Aggregates in Concrete","volume":"16","author":"H Hamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"A Comprehensive Review. 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