{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:41:49Z","timestamp":1790192509362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022230","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2022R180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Saussurea costus<\/jats:italic> is from medicinal plants and have therapeutic properties that were recorded in a variety of medical functions. The usage of biomaterials in the synthesis of nanoparticles is an essential strategy in green nanotechnology. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were composed in the stage of (2:1, FeCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>: FeCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) solution by using the aqueous extract of <jats:italic>Saussurea costus<\/jats:italic> peel in an eco-friendly method to evaluate their antimicrobial property. The properties of the obtained IONPs were evaluated using a scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscope. The mean size of IONPs discovered by Zetasizer varies between 100 and 300 nm, with a mean particle size of 295 nm. The morphology of IONPs (\u03b3-Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) was determined to be nearly spherical and prismatic-curved. Moreover, the antimicrobial property of IONPs was assessed with nine pathogenic microbes, revealing that the nanoparticles have antimicrobial activities with <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> sp. and <jats:italic>Aspergillus niger<\/jats:italic>, with possible applications in the therapeutic and biomedical fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T18:33:34Z","timestamp":1678386814000},"page":"e0282443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Saussurea costus extract as bio mediator in synthesis iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and their antimicrobial ability"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2110-7053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jehan S.","family":"Al-brahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0282443.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.108724","article-title":"Nutraceutical potential of tree flowers: A comprehensive review on biochemical profile, health benefits, and utilization","volume":"127","author":"DJ Pinakin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"key":"pone.0282443.ref002","article-title":"Antiviral, Antifungal, and Antibacterial Potential Activities of Ephedra Sinica in Vitro","volume":"13","author":"MM Deabes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0282443.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109222","article-title":"Gynura bicolor DC.(Okinawa spinach): A comprehensive review on nutritional constituents, phytochemical compounds, utilization, health benefits, and toxicological evaluation.","volume":"134","author":"TVT Do","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"key":"pone.0282443.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249253","article-title":"Antimicrobial activities evaluation and phytochemical screening of some selected medicinal plants: A possible alternative in the treatment of multidrug-resistant microbes.","volume":"16","author":"T Kebede","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"pone.0282443.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2020.07.003","article-title":"Sennoside A drug capped biogenic fabrication of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial and antifungal activities","volume":"28","author":"AD Al-Ghamdi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"pone.0282443.ref006","first-page":"6","article-title":"Saussurea costus may help in the treatment of COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"M. 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