{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:39:33Z","timestamp":1781307573573,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Copernicia alba<\/jats:italic> (Arecaceae) is a palm tree regionally known as <jats:italic>carand\u00e1<\/jats:italic> that forms large populations and produces abundant fruits, an important food source for the local fauna in Brazilian wetlands. The fruits present morphological variations regarding color, shape and dimensions. In this study fruits of different shapes were collected and processed following routine techniques in plant morphology, and biochemistry analysis of endosperm. (hemicellulose) The fruits isdark, of the berry type, with partially fibrous pericarp, rich in phenolic compounds; the ruminated seed coat also contains phenols; the endosperm, formed of cells with highly thickened, not lignified hemicellulosic walls, stores xyloses, proteins and lipids. The embryo is short and straight. Xylose is the leading sugar of xylan, which can be liberated by hydrolysis with specific enzymes, such as xylanases. This sugar is of interest in several industrial sectors, such as the production of biofuels and xylitol for foods. Excepting depth of seed rumination, <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>alba<\/jats:italic> fruits do not have relevant differences in anatomy and classes of substances detected. The fruit yield showed differences associated with its shape, indicating the best utilization. Considering fruit anatomical features and tissue composition, we highlight that the seeds of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>alba<\/jats:italic> have the potential as a new functional food source.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T18:24:43Z","timestamp":1678472683000},"page":"e0282775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Morphological-anatomical and chemical features of Copernicia alba fruits and seeds, a palm from Brazilian Pantanal"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2691-9130","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rosa Helena da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anny Beatriz","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2869-5134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rafael","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela Pav\u00e3o","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Fonseca","family":"Zanoelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldo Alves","family":"Damasceno Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnildo","family":"Pott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0282775.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400832996","volume-title":"Palms of Southern Asia","author":"A Henderson","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref002","first-page":"64","article-title":"Seed Geometry in the Arecaceae","volume":"6","author":"GD Del Pozo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hort"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref003","volume-title":"The Encyclopedia of Fruits and Nuts","author":"AW Meerow","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-83375-6","volume-title":"Flora and Vegetation of the Pantanal Wetland","author":"GA Damasceno-Junior","year":"2021","edition":"1"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contribuci\u00f3n al estudio del ciclo biol\u00f3gico de la palma Copernicia alba en un \u00e1rea ganadera (Esp\u00edritu, Beni, Bolivia)","volume":"18","author":"M Moraes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ecolog\u00eda Bolivia"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref006","unstructured":"Moraes M, Paniagua-Zambrana N, C\u00e1mara Leret R, Balslev H. Palmas \u00fatiles de Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Per\u00fa. Cosecha Palmas en el Noroeste Suram\u00e9rica Bases Cient\u00edficas Para Su Manejo Conservacion; Balslev H, Macia M, Navarrete, H. Eds 87\u2013102. 2014."},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref007","first-page":"416","author":"H Lorenzi","year":"2004"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60402-x","article-title":"Growth and establishment of monodominant stands a ected by ENSO and ooding in the Pantanal","volume":"10","author":"D Gris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0282775.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.5380\/rf.v51i1.68070","article-title":"Phenology of Copernicia alba in flooded and not flooded environments","volume":"51","author":"MMV Araujo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Floresta"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref010","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Chaco: caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o, riqueza, diversidade, recursos e intera\u00e7\u00f5es","author":"RH Silva","year":"2021","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0282775.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.201600327","article-title":"A critical review on hemicellulose pyrolysis","volume":"5","author":"X Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Technology"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.118247","article-title":"Production of xylose, xylulose, xylitol, and bioethanol from waste bamboo using hydrogenperoxicde-acetic acid pretreatment","volume":"278","author":"Y Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0282775.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2013.13479","article-title":"High xylanase production by Trichoderma viride using pineapple peel as substrate and its application in pulp bleaching","volume":"13","author":"D Fortkamp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr J Biotechnol"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-005-1904-7","article-title":"Xylanases from fungi: properties and industrial applications","volume":"67","author":"MLTM Polizeli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0282775.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobab.2021.02.001","article-title":"Integrated lignocellulosic biorefinery: Gateway for production of second generation ethanol and value added products","volume":"6","author":"A Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref016","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2021. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"H. Wickham","year":"2016","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref018","volume-title":"An {R} Companion to Applied Regression","author":"J Fox","year":"2019","edition":"3"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0282775.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200810425","article-title":"Simultaneous Inference in General Parametric Models","volume":"50","author":"T Hothorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)86000-8","article-title":"A buffer solution for colorimetric comparison","volume":"49","author":"TC McIlvaine","year":"1921","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2019.101312","article-title":"Application of an endo-xylanase from Aspergillus japonicus in the fruit juice clarification and fruit peel waste hydrolysis","volume":"21","author":"PO Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0282775.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-33061996000200001","article-title":"Me\u00e9todos de colora\u00e7\u00e3o de Roeser (1972): modificado\u2014e Kropp (1972) visando a substitui\u00e7\u00e3o do azul de Astra pelo azul de alcia\u0303o 8GS ou 8GX","volume":"10","author":"R Luque","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta bot. bras"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref023","volume-title":"Histochemistry: theoretical and applied","author":"AGE Pearse","year":"1972"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref024","first-page":"383","article-title":"The use of Nile blue in the examination of lipids","volume":"88","author":"AJ Cain","year":"1947","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref025","volume-title":"Plant microtechnique","author":"DA Johansen","year":"1940"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref026","volume-title":"Methods in plant histology","author":"C.l Charnberlain","year":"1932"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2307\/1538691","article-title":"The cytochemistry staining and measurement of protein with mercuric bromophenol blue","volume":"104","author":"D Mazia","year":"1953","journal-title":"Biological Bullletin"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref028","first-page":"367","article-title":"Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O","volume":"59","author":"TP O\u2019Brien","year":"1964","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcatb.2017.05.002","article-title":"A novel thermostable and halotolerant xylanase from Colletotrichum graminicola","volume":"133","author":"S Carli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2015.14943","article-title":"Production of cellulase-free xylanase by Aspergillus flavus: Effect of polyols on the thermostability and its application on cellulose pulp biobleaching","volume":"14","author":"PO Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7589-2","article-title":"The functional properties of a xyloglucanase (GH12) of Aspergillus terreus expressed in Aspergillus nidulans may increase performance of biomass degradation","volume":"100","author":"GL Vitcosque","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0282775.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13493","article-title":"A synthesis of animal\u2010mediated seed dispersal of palms reveals distinct biogeographical differences in species interactions","volume":"46","author":"G Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref033","first-page":"89","volume-title":"(Arecaceae, Arecoideae), em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento","author":"MGP Araujo","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-31222008000100012","article-title":"Morfo-anatomia do fruto e semente e Oenocarpus minor Mart. (ARECACEAE)","volume":"30","author":"MS Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Sementes"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0282775.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-43921975053265","article-title":"Anatomia de Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Palmae da Amaz\u00f4nia)","volume":"5","author":"JE De Paula","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Amaz\u00f4nica"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0282775.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcr148","article-title":"Pericarp development and fruit structure in borassoid palms (Arecaceae-Coryphoideae-Borasseae)","volume":"108","author":"MS Romanov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Bot"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1676-0611-bn-2021-1238","article-title":"Correlations between morphological fruit types, fruit and seed colors, and functional groups","volume":"21","author":"N Ram\u00edrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biota Neotropica"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0282775.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.5539\/ijb.v9n3p78","article-title":"Biometric characterization of fruits and morphoanatomy of the mesocarp of Acrocomia species (Arecaceae)","volume":"9","author":"SA Vianna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Biol"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref039","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Phenolic compounds produced by secretory structures in plants: a brief review","volume":"3","author":"MM Castro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref040","first-page":"10","article-title":"Emerging source of bioactive compounds from Arecaceae family: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"RS Da Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research Society and Development"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.2007.00742.x","article-title":"A new coryphoid palm genus from Madagascar","volume":"156","author":"J Dransfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0282775.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s12228-015-9384-2","article-title":"Allagoptera arenaria (Arecaceae): Leaf anatomy of a palm from the Brazilian shore","volume":"67","author":"ACA Defaveri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brittonia"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mch060","article-title":"Raphides in Palm embryos and their systematic distribution","volume":"93","author":"S. Zona","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst10070591","article-title":"Biocrystals in Plants: A Short Review on Biomineralization Processes and the Role of Phototropins into the Uptake of Calcium","volume":"10","author":"M Cu\u00e9llar-Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0282775.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-67622006000600008","article-title":"Aspectos morfol\u00f3gicos, germina\u00e7\u00e3o e desenvolvimento inicial de pl\u00e2ntulas de Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. Mueller) H. Wendl. e Drude (Arecaceae) em diferentes substratos","volume":"30","author":"HCOC Charlo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. \u00c1rvore"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69302-1_12","volume-title":"Embryology of Angiosperms","author":"FD Boesewinkel","year":"1984"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00689","article-title":"Polyphenol oxidase as a biochemical seed defense mechanism","volume":"5","author":"EP Fuerst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in plant science"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0282775.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s12374-009-9073-3","article-title":"Relationship among phenolic contents, seed predation, and physical seed traits in Mimosa bimucronata plants","volume":"52","author":"D Kestring","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Biology"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13902","article-title":"Folding of xylan onto cellulose fibrils in plant cell walls revealed by solid-state NMR","volume":"7","author":"TJ Simmons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0282775.ref050","first-page":"48","article-title":"Structural considerations on the use of endo-xylanases for the production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides from biomass","volume":"19","author":"J Linares-Past\u00e9n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Protein and Peptide Science"},{"key":"pone.0282775.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.11.052","article-title":"Xylan derivatives and their application potential\u2013Mini-review of own results","volume":"100","author":"K Petzold-Welcke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydrate polymers"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282775","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T18:25:21Z","timestamp":1678472721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282775"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kleber","family":"Del-Claro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282775","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]}}}