{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T02:16:35Z","timestamp":1768529795725,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fussell Family Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) \u2013 Preventive and Public Health Research Initiative \u2013 2019 Targeted Health System and Community Organization Research Grant Opportunity","award":["MRF1200535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRF1200535"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) \u2013 Preventive and Public Health Research Initiative \u2013 2019 Targeted Health System and Community Organization Research Grant Opportunity","award":["MRF1200535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRF1200535"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) \u2013 Preventive and Public Health Research Initiative \u2013 2019 Targeted Health System and Community Organization Research Grant Opportunity","award":["MRF1200535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRF1200535"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) \u2013 Preventive and Public Health Research Initiative \u2013 2019 Targeted Health System and Community Organization Research Grant Opportunity","award":["MRF1200535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRF1200535"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Australia","award":["APP1194679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1194679"]}]},{"name":"Australian Centre for Prevention of Cervical Cancer"},{"name":"Roche Molecular Diagnostics, USA"},{"name":"Minderoo Foundation and the Frazer Family Foundation"},{"name":"Cepheid Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There have been significant advancements in risk identification and treatment for ovarian cancer over the last decade. However, their impact on health services costs is unclear. This study estimated the direct health system costs (government perspective) for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in Australia during 2006\u20132013, as a benchmark prior to opportunities for precision-medicine approaches to treatment, and for health care planning.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Using cancer registry data, we identified 176 incident ovarian cancers (including fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer) in the Australian 45 and Up Study cohort. Each case was matched with four cancer-free controls on sex, age, geography, and smoking history. Costs were derived from linked health records on hospitalisations, subsidised prescription medicines and medical services to 2016. Excess costs for cancer cases were estimated for different phases of care relative to cancer diagnosis. Overall costs for prevalent ovarian cancers in Australia in 2013 were estimated based on 5-year prevalence statistics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>At diagnosis, 10% of women had localised disease, 15% regional spread and 70% distant metastasis (5% unknown). The mean excess cost per ovarian cancer case was $40,556 in the initial treatment phase (\u226412 months post-diagnosis), $9,514 per annum in the continuing care phase and $49,208 in the terminal phase (up to 12 months before death). Hospital admissions accounted for the greatest proportion of costs during all phases (66%, 52% and 68% respectively). Excess costs were higher for patients diagnosed with distant metastatic disease, particularly during the continuing care phase ($13,814 versus $4,884 for localised\/regional disease). The estimated overall direct health services cost of ovarian cancer in 2013 was AUD$99million (4,700 women nationally).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The excess health system costs of ovarian cancer are substantial. Continued investment in ovarian cancer research, particularly prevention, early detection and more effective personalised treatments is necessary to reduce the burden of disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T17:24:31Z","timestamp":1681838671000},"page":"e0282851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Health services costs for ovarian cancer in Australia: Estimates from the 45 and Up Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6247-2706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David 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