{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:50:49Z","timestamp":1774381849649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Research Foundation of Hangzhou Science and Technology Institute, Zhejiang, China","award":["grant number 20201203B187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number 20201203B187"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of global mortality, with numerous factors influencing the patient survival rate and prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the OHCA epidemiology in China and elaborate on the current Hangzhou emergency system status. This retrospective analysis was based on the medical history system of the Hangzhou Emergency Center registered from 2015\u20132021. We provided a detailed description of OHCA characteristics and investigated the factors affecting the success rate of emergency treatment in terms of epidemiology, causes of onset, bystander rescue, and outcome factors. We included 9585 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases, of which 5442 (56.8%) had evidence of resuscitation. Patients with underlying diseases constituted the vast majority (80.1%); trauma and physicochemical factors accounted for 16.5% and 3.4%, respectively. Only 30.4% of patients (about 80.0% of bystanders witnessed) received bystander first aid. The outcome rate of emergency doctors dispatched by emergency centres was significantly higher than doctors dispatched by hospitals. Additionally, physician\u2019s first-aid experience, emergency response time, emergency telephone availability, initial heart rhythm, out-of-hospital defibrillation, out-of-hospital intubation, and using of epinephrine significantly can significantly improve the out-of-hospital return of spontaneous circulation in patients. All steps in pre-hospital care are important for patients, especially for bystander first aid and physician\u2019s first-aid experience. The popularity of first-aid training and the public emergency medical system are not potent enough. We should take those key factors into consideration when developing a pre-hospital care system for OHCA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T17:23:37Z","timestamp":1681838617000},"page":"e0282870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A retrospective study on epidemiological analysis of pre-hospital emergency care in Hangzhou, China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jiangang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanbin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunfu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fenghua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4565-8933","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jungen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10124","key":"pone.0282870.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30316-7","article-title":"Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Prehospital Management","volume":"391","author":"MEH Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet. Mar 10"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0282870.ref002","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics\u20142012 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association.","volume":"125","author":"VL Roger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0282870.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.0035","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training in China: Current Situation and Future Development","volume":"2","author":"F Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol. May 1"},{"key":"pone.0282870.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.10.030","article-title":"Epidemiology and Outcomes from out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in England.","volume":"110","author":"C Hawkes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resuscitation."},{"issue":"10124","key":"pone.0282870.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30472-0","article-title":"Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Current Concepts","volume":"391","author":"A Myat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet. Mar 10"},{"issue":"16_suppl_2","key":"pone.0282870.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S337","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000918","article-title":"Part 1: Executive Summary: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care","volume":"142","author":"RM Merchant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0282870.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312696","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: The Science Behind the Hands","volume":"104","author":"AW Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart. Jul"},{"key":"pone.0282870.ref008","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Association between the Number of Prehospital Providers on-Scene and out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes","author":"JR Lupton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care."},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0282870.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017230","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017230","article-title":"Up to 206 Million People Reached and over 5.4 Million Trained in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Worldwide: The 2019 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation World Restart a Heart Initiative","volume":"9","author":"BW Bottiger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"16_suppl_2","key":"pone.0282870.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S366","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000916","article-title":"Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care","volume":"142","author":"AR Panchal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0282870.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029067","article-title":"The Effects of Public Access Defibrillation on Survival after out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies","volume":"136","author":"JS Baekgaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0282870.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.889576","article-title":"Predictors of Survival from out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"3","author":"C Sasson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0282870.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02446-z","article-title":"Trend in Survival after out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Its Relationship with Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Six-Year Prospective Observational Study in Beijing","volume":"21","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"pone.0282870.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.07.015","article-title":"European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 2.Adult Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation.","volume":"95","author":"GD Perkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"48","key":"pone.0282870.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13257","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013257","article-title":"Predictors of Survival and Neurologic Outcome for Adults with Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"97","author":"J Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"pone.0282870.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.04.017","article-title":"Bystander-Witnessed Cardiac Arrest Is Associated with Reported Agonal Breathing and Leads to Less Frequent Bystander Cpr","volume":"127","author":"P Brinkrolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resuscitation. Jun"},{"key":"pone.0282870.ref017","first-page":"3250485","article-title":"Public Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in China","volume":"2017","author":"M Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0282870.ref018","first-page":"779","article-title":"Effect of Bag-Mask Ventilation Vs Endotracheal Intubation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Neurological Outcome after out-of-Hospital Cardiorespiratory Arrest","volume":"319","author":"P Jabre","year":"2018","journal-title":"A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0282870.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.12.003","article-title":"Comparing Effectiveness of Initial Airway Interventions for out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Clinical Controlled Trials","volume":"75","author":"CH Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0282870.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004130","article-title":"Epinephrine for out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"48","author":"T Aves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0282870.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806842","article-title":"A Randomized Trial of Epinephrine in out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest","volume":"379","author":"GD Perkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282870","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T17:24:08Z","timestamp":1681838648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282870"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Lazzeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282870","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]}}}