{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:23:37Z","timestamp":1784247817837,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for Promotion of Science KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22K15454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K15454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research Grant from Ichimaru Pharcos Co. Ltd.","award":["531021K019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["531021K019"]}]},{"name":"35th Karoji Memorial Fund for Medical Research","award":["Grant A, 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant A, 2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> is a major causative agent of nosocomial infections and its outer membrane vesicles (AbOMVs) have been shown to be involved in pathogenicity by transporting virulence factors and transferring information for communication between pathogens and host cells. Despite the fact that the infected sites of <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>baumannii<\/jats:italic> such as lungs and skin soft tissues are hypoxic, most studies on AbOMV virulence have used AbOMVs prepared under aerobic conditions. The present study aims to elucidate the protein profile and pathogenic impact of AbOMVs released under hypoxic condition. AbOMVs were isolated from <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>baumannii<\/jats:italic> under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and their protein profiles were compared. The different effects of both normoxic and hypoxic AbOMVs in cytokine response from mouse macrophages, cytotoxicity to the human lung epithelial cells, and bacterial invasion were then investigated. Our results showed that <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>baumannii<\/jats:italic> under hypoxia released larger amounts of OMVs with different protein profiles. Although the cytotoxic effect of AbOMVs from normoxia and hypoxia were comparable, AbOMVs from normoxia induced higher TNF-\u03b1 production and invasion of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> than those from hypoxia. On the other hand, AbOMVs significantly enhanced <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>baumannii<\/jats:italic> invasion into lung epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results clearly demonstrate that AbOMVs released from normoxic and hypoxic have different impacts in pathogenesis. This finding provides new insight into the complex interactions between <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>baumannii<\/jats:italic>, coinfecting pathogens and host cells via OMVs, in particular the different pathogenic effects of AbOMVs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T17:39:50Z","timestamp":1678901990000},"page":"e0283109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Differential proteomic analysis and pathogenic effects of outer membrane vesicles derived from Acinetobacter baumannii under normoxia and hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sachio","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phawinee","family":"Subsomwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kouji","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahito","family":"Ishiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rojana","family":"Sukchawalit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Nakane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadatomo","family":"Tasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8807-7384","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Krisana","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0283109.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00148","article-title":"The Acinetobacter baumannii oxymoron: commensal hospital dweller turned pan-drug-resistant menace","volume":"3","author":"I Roca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0283109.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-07","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen","volume":"21","author":"AY Peleg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0283109.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1789","article-title":"An increasing threat in hospitals: multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"5","author":"L Dijkshoorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0283109.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.07.007","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology, treatment and prognostic factors of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients","volume":"48","author":"C Tsioutis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0283109.ref005","first-page":"19","article-title":"Antibiotics\u2015from there to where? 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