{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T02:15:42Z","timestamp":1782008142540,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking","award":["777460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["777460"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability and psychometric properties of the Hypo-METRICS (Hypoglycemia MEasurement, ThResholds and ImpaCtS) application (app): a novel tool designed to assess the direct impact of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemia on daily functioning in people with insulin-treated diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>100 adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, n = 64) or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n = 36) completed three daily \u2018check-ins\u2019 (morning, afternoon and evening) via the Hypo-METRICs app across 10 weeks, to respond to 29 unique questions about their subjective daily functioning. Questions addressed sleep quality, energy level, mood, affect, cognitive functioning, fear of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, social functioning, and work\/productivity. Completion rates, structural validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were explored. App responses were correlated with validated person-reported outcome measures to investigate convergent (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>&gt;\u00b10.3) and divergent (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>&lt;\u00b10.3) validity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants\u2019 mean\u00b1SD age was 54\u00b116 years, diabetes duration was 23\u00b113 years, and most recent HbA1c was 56.6\u00b19.8 mmol\/mol. Participants submitted mean\u00b1SD 191\u00b116 out of 210 possible \u2018check-ins\u2019 (91%). Structural validity was confirmed with multi-level confirmatory factor analysis showing good model fit on the adjusted model (Comparative Fit Index &gt;0.95, Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation &lt;0.06, Standardized Root-Mean-square Residual&lt;0.08). Scales had satisfactory internal consistency (all \u03c9\u22650.5), and high test-retest reliability (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u22650.7). Convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated for most scales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>High completion rates and satisfactory psychometric properties demonstrated that the Hypo-METRICS app is acceptable to adults with T1DM and T2DM, and a reliable and valid tool to explore the daily impact of hypoglycemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T17:28:21Z","timestamp":1679074101000},"page":"e0283148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Psychometric properties of an innovative smartphone application to investigate the daily impact of hypoglycemia in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: The Hypo-METRICS 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