{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:40:15Z","timestamp":1793162415350,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008626","name":"Cochlear","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008626","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001230","name":"Macquarie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Often considered an \u201cinvisible disability\u201d, hearing loss is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and the third leading cause for years lived with disability worldwide. Hearing loss has substantial impacts on communication, psychological wellbeing, social connectedness, cognition, quality of life, and economic independence. The Hearing impairment in Adults: a Longitudinal Outcomes Study (HALOS) aims to evaluate the: (1) impacts of hearing devices (hearing aids and\/or cochlear implants), (2) differences in timing of these interventions and in long-term outcomes between hearing aid and cochlear implant users, and (3) cost-effectiveness of early intervention for adult-onset hearing loss among hearing device users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HALOS is a mixed-methods study collecting cross-sectional and longitudinal data on health and social outcomes from 908 hearing aid and\/or cochlear implant users aged \u226540 years, recruited from hearing service providers across Australia. The quantitative component will involve an online survey at baseline (time of recruitment), 24-months, and 48-months and will collect audiological, health, psychosocial, functional and employment outcomes using validated instruments. The qualitative component will be conducted in a subset of participants at baseline and involve semi-structured interviews to understand the patient journey and perspectives on the Australian hearing service model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Ethics<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has been approved by the Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee (ID: 11262) and Southern Adelaide Local Health Network (ID: LNR\/22\/SAC\/88).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Dissemination of results: Study findings will be disseminated to participants via a one-page summary, and to the public through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) registration number:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\/ACTRN12622000752763\" xlink:type=\"simple\">ACTRN12622000752763<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T13:47:11Z","timestamp":1678974431000},"page":"e0283171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A protocol for the Hearing impairment in Adults: A Longitudinal Outcomes Study (HALOS)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2007-9054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1241-0237","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janaki","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kompal","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Nure","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Wuthrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7780-6668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kerry A.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Braithwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shermin","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giriraj Singh","family":"Shekhawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Rapport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bamini","family":"Gopinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0283171.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"G Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref002","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addressing the rising prevalence of hearing loss"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00516-X","article-title":"Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990\u20132019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"397","author":"LM Haile","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.03.010","article-title":"Hearing handicap, rather than measured hearing impairment, predicts poorer quality of life over 10 years in older adults","volume":"72","author":"B Gopinath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs058","article-title":"Hearing-impaired adults are at increased risk of experiencing emotional distress and social engagement restrictions five years later","volume":"41","author":"B Gopinath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2017.1286695","article-title":"Coping together with hearing loss: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the psychosocial experiences of people with hearing loss and their communication partners","volume":"56","author":"AB Barker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref007","author":"Deloitte Access Economics","year":"2017","journal-title":"The social and economic cost of hearing loss in Australia"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000151","article-title":"BPS-ICF model, A tool to measure biopsychosocial functioning and disability within ICF concepts: Theory and practice updated","volume":"39","author":"SA Talo","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Rehabilitation Research"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-54","article-title":"The Health Utilities Index (HUI\u00ae): Concepts, measurement properties and applications","volume":"1","author":"J Horsman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2019.02.004","article-title":"PROMIS\u00ae Adult Health Profiles: Efficient Short-Form Measures of Seven Health Domains","volume":"22","author":"D Cella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000618","article-title":"Refinement and Validation of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire: An Application of Rasch Analysis and Traditional Psychometric Analysis Techniques","volume":"40","author":"E Heffernan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.10.020","article-title":"The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire","volume":"60","author":"E Broadbent","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198205000-00006","article-title":"The hearing handicap inventory for the elderly: a new tool","volume":"3","author":"IM Ventry","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2013.781278","article-title":"A short form of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing scale suitable for clinical use: The SSQ12","volume":"52","author":"W Noble","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref015","first-page":"30","article-title":"The International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA): psychometric properties of the English version: El Inventario International de Resultados para Auxiliares Auditivos (IOI-HA): propiedades psicometricas de la version en ingles","volume":"41","author":"RM Cox","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.16.9.2","article-title":"Normative data for the Attitudes towards Loss of Hearing Questionnaire","volume":"16","author":"GH Saunders","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref017","unstructured":"Computerized Cognitive Assessments | Cogstate | Clinical Trials n.d. https:\/\/www.cogstate.com\/clinical-trials\/computerized-cognitive-assessment\/ (accessed November 18, 2021)."},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref018","unstructured":"Agency for Clinical Innovation. Frailty screening and assessment tools n.d. https:\/\/aci.health.nsw.gov.au\/networks\/frailty-taskforce\/resources\/frailty-screening-and-assessment-tools (accessed November 19, 2021)."},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref019","author":"WB Schaufeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire A Cross-National Study"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref020","first-page":"195","article-title":"Assessing Job Performance Using Brief Self-report Scales: The Case of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire","volume":"35","author":"PJ Ramos-Villagrasa","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/135943299398311","article-title":"A Two-dimensional Approach to Job Insecurity: Consequences for Employee Attitudes and Well-being.","volume":"8","author":"J Hellgren","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-013-2061-7","article-title":"Development and validation of the Short-Form Survivor Unmet Needs Survey (SF-SUNS).","volume":"22","author":"HS Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref023","first-page":"231","article-title":"A Multiple Goals Perspective on Topic Avoidance and Relationship Satisfaction in the Context of Breast Cancer.","volume":"77","author":"E Donovan-Kicken","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-013-0339-6","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of food insecurity among a cohort of older Australians","volume":"18","author":"J Russell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2019.1597284","article-title":"Hearing impairment and daily-life fatigue: a qualitative study","volume":"58","author":"JA Holman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref026","first-page":"4","article-title":"Sample size estimation for repeated measures analysis in randomized clinical trials with missing data","author":"K Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Biostat"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref027","article-title":"Sample size calculations for longitudinal data","author":"MC Donohue","year":"2021","journal-title":"R package version 1.0.23"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0445","article-title":"Participant dropout as a function of survey length in internet-mediated university studies: implications for study design and voluntary participation in psychological research","volume":"13","author":"M. Hoerger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25848","article-title":"Quality of life after intervention with a cochlear implant or hearing aid","volume":"126","author":"KJ Contrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0283171.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001021","article-title":"Cost-benefit Analysis of Cochlear Implants: A Societal Perspective","volume":"42","author":"OM Neve","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Hear"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0283171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T21:34:08Z","timestamp":1702071248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0283171"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ari","family":"Samaranayaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0283171","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]}}}