{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T05:24:14Z","timestamp":1793165054974,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007275","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CU_FRB640001_01_31_9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CU_FRB640001_01_31_9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\n The impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on global public health has been widely documented. AMR in the environment poses a serious threat to both human and animal health but is frequently overlooked. This study aimed to characterize the association between phenotype and genotype of AMR, virulence genes and Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase (ESBL) production from estuarine environment. The\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 126) and\n E<\/jats:italic>\n .\n coli<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 409) were isolated from oysters and estuarine water in Thailand. The isolates of\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n (96.9%) and\n E<\/jats:italic>\n .\n coli<\/jats:italic>\n (91.4%) showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was 40.1% of\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n and 23.0% of\n E<\/jats:italic>\n .\n coli<\/jats:italic>\n . Resistance to sulfamethoxazole was most common in\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n (95.2%) and\n E<\/jats:italic>\n .\n coli<\/jats:italic>\n (77.8%). The common resistance genes found in\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n were\n sul3<\/jats:italic>\n (14.3%), followed by\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n (11.9%), and\n cmlA<\/jats:italic>\n (11.9%), while most\n E<\/jats:italic>\n .\n coli<\/jats:italic>\n were\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n (31.5%) and\n tetA<\/jats:italic>\n (25.4%). The ESBL production was detected in\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n (1.6%,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 2) of which one isolate was positive to\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n . Eight\n E<\/jats:italic>\n .\n coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates (2.0%) were ESBL producers, of which three isolates carried\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n and one isolate was\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n . Predominant virulence genes identified in\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n were\n invA<\/jats:italic>\n (77.0%),\n stn<\/jats:italic>\n (77.0%), and\n fimA<\/jats:italic>\n (69.0%), while those in\n E<\/jats:italic>\n .\n coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates were\n stx1<\/jats:italic>\n (17.8%),\n lt<\/jats:italic>\n (11.7%), and\n stx2<\/jats:italic>\n (1.2%). Logistic regression models showed the statistical association between resistance phenotype, virulence genes and ESBL production (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). The findings highlighted that estuarine environment were potential hotspots of resistance. One Health should be implemented to prevent AMR bacteria spreading.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T13:24:44Z","timestamp":1682688284000},"page":"e0283359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance, Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase production and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates from estuarine environment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7332-1647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saharuetai","family":"Jeamsripong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mullika","family":"Kuldee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varangkana","family":"Thaotumpitak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9714-9199","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rungtip","family":"Chuanchuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0283359.ref001","unstructured":"CDC. 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