{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T20:16:06Z","timestamp":1773519366109,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Major Project of China","award":["2018ZX10733402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10733402"]}]},{"name":"Monitoring Project of Infectious Diseases in Wildlife","award":["201976011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201976011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To study antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Raoultella<\/jats:italic> strains isolated from captive giant pandas. Non-duplicate fecal samples were collected from 128 giant pandas during 2017\u20132019. All isolated microbial strains were tested for antimicrobial drug susceptibility using BD verification panels. Four extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase resistance genes, nine virulence genes and six capsular serotype genes were detected using PCR. 42 <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and nine <jats:italic>Raoultella<\/jats:italic> strains were isolated from different giant pandas. Antibiotic resistance rates were 1.9%\u201323.5%, except for ampicillin, and 7.8% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant to 7\u201310 antibiotic classes. This is the first time that a multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>ornithinolytica<\/jats:italic> strain has been isolated from captive giant pandas. The <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>DHA<\/jats:sub> genes were detected in four MDR ESBL<jats:italic>- K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains. The <jats:italic>rmpA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>iutA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ybtS<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>iroN<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>iroB<\/jats:italic> genes were positively detected in 11.7% of the isolates. Capsular serotype (K2, K5, K54 and K57) genes were all detected in four <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains, and one was identified as hypervirulent. This study showed that MDR ESBL- <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, hypervirulent <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, MDR <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>ornithinolytica<\/jats:italic> and the colistin-resistant strain may pose risks to captive giant pandas and their keepers, and that the diversity of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Raoultella<\/jats:italic> should be monitored regularly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T17:49:38Z","timestamp":1680198578000},"page":"e0283738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Congenetic Raoultella Isolates from captive giant pandas"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3465-5868","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5336-5925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi-wen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo-wen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0283738.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1396-6","article-title":"Clinical and phenotypic differences between classic and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumonia: an emerging and under-recognized pathogenic variant","volume":"31","author":"DK Pomakova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0283738.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-016-0490-7","article-title":"Raoultella spp.-clinical significance, infections and susceptibility to antibiotics","volume":"62","author":"A. 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