{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:55:43Z","timestamp":1790794543571,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nInfertility affects around 12% of couples, and this proportion has been gradually increasing. In this context, the global assisted reproductive technologies (ART) market shows significant expansion, hovering around USD 26 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach USD 45 billion by 2025.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nObjectives<\/jats:title>\nWe realized a scoping review of the ART market from academic publications, market reports, and specialized media news, to identify the main terms and characterize them into the main topics in the area.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nDesign<\/jats:title>\nWe apply an LDA topic modeling process to identify the main terms, and clustered them into semantic synonymous topics. We extracted the patterns and information to these topics and purposed a factor\/consequence correlation to them.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nWe found 2,232 academic papers and selected 632 to include in the automatic term detection. We also included 34 market reports and seven notices produced by specialized enterprises. Were identified 121 most relevant cited terms covering 7,806 citations. These terms were manually aggregated into 10 topics based on semantic similarity: neutral terms<\/jats:italic> (37.2%), economic aspects<\/jats:italic> (17.6%), in vitro fertilization<\/jats:italic> (IVF) commodities & cross-border reproductive care (CBRC)<\/jats:italic> (10.6%), geographic distribution<\/jats:italic> (9.5%), social aspects<\/jats:italic> (7%), regulation<\/jats:italic> (6%), trends & concerns<\/jats:italic> (3.9%), accessibility<\/jats:italic> (3.4%), internet influence<\/jats:italic> (2.9%), and fertility preservation for non-medical reasons<\/jats:italic> (2%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nDiscussion<\/jats:title>\nThe analysis indicates a market with expressive complexity. Most terms were associated with more than one topic, indicating the synergism of this market\u2019s behavior. Only seven terms related to economic aspects, surrogacy and donation represent around 50% of the citations. Except for the topic formed by generic terms, the topic of the economic aspects was the most represented, reflecting macro perspectives such as a-la-carte standard of treatments, many clinics operating on a small\/medium scale, and the recent formation of conglomerates. The IVF commodities & CBRC topic brings an overview of gametes pricing and transnational surrogacy, and its regulation. The topic of geographic distribution indicates that that the Asia-Pacific (APAC) market has the most significant growth potential in all fields. Despite the increase in supply and demand for infertility treatments and technological advances in recent decades, the success rate of IVF cycles remains at around 30%. Terms referring to research and development or technical improvement were not identified in a significant way in this review.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nThe formation of topics by semantic similarity proved to be an initial path for the elaboration of in-depth studies on the dynamics between several factors, for this, we present the panel classifying main terms into factors (demand, pent-up demand, or distributive) or ART market consequences. Through this approach, it was possible to observe that most of the works addresses economic aspects, regulation and geographic aspects and that topics related to research and improvement have not been addressed. In this way, we highlight the need to deepen the analysis of market elements that may be related to increased efficiency of IVF in the technical field.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T17:22:13Z","timestamp":1690910533000},"page":"e0284099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Main topics in assisted reproductive market: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3618-297X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janaina Ferreira","family":"Aderaldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Helena Dantas","family":"Rodrigues de Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryana Thalyta Ferreira","family":"C\u00e2mara de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mychelle","family":"de Medeiros Garcia Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1341-4814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel Carlos Ferreira","family":"Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0284099.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep343","article-title":"The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Revised Glossary on ART Terminology, 2009","volume":"24","author":"F Zegers-Hochschild","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.005","article-title":"The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017","volume":"108","author":"F Zegers-Hochschild","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012","article-title":"Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology","volume":"62","author":"M vander Borght","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref004","first-page":"1","volume-title":"World Fertility Patterns 2015 Data Booklet","author":"United Nations","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref005","unstructured":"Grand View Research. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Type (IVF, Others), By End Use (Hospitals, Fertility Clinics), By Procedures And Segment Forecasts, 2018\u20132025. 2018."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref006","unstructured":"Rockville Research. Global Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Market\u2014In Vitro Fertilization, Artificial Insemination and Third Party Assisted ART Market Outlook 2022. 2017."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref007","unstructured":"Report Buyer. Global infertility testing and treatment market forecast 2019\u20132027. 2019."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref008","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Fertility and Sterility","author":"J Boivin","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hox012","article-title":"Trends over 15 years in ART in Europe: an analysis of 6 million cycles\u2020","volume":"2017","author":"AP Ferraretti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref010","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Fertility and Sterility","author":"GM Chambers","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref011","first-page":"1124","volume-title":"Fertility and Sterility","author":"CW Rich","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref012","unstructured":"Global Market Insights, Ugalmugle S, Swain R. Assisted Reproductive Technology Market Size By Procedure (Fresh Donor, Fresh Nondonor, Frozen Donor, Frozen Nondonor, Embryo\/Egg Banking), By Technology {In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) [IVF with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), IVF without ICSI], A. 2020."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa250","article-title":"20 years of the European IVF-monitoring Consortium registry: What have we learned? A comparison with registries from two other regions","volume":"35","author":"C de Geyter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.06.039","article-title":"International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology: world report on assisted reproductive technology, 2011","volume":"110","author":"GD Adamson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref015","unstructured":"Fortune Business Insights. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Technique (In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Artificial Insemination (AI-IUI), Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET), and Others), By Procedure (Fresh Donor, Fresh Non-donor, Frozen Dono. 2019."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref016","unstructured":"Market Research Future. Global Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Market Report, by Diagnosis (Ovulation Testing, Hysterosalpingography), Type (Ovulation Induction, Artificial Insemination, Surrogacy), End-User (Hospitals & Clinics, IVF Center)\u2013Global Forecast Till 2023. 2020."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref017","unstructured":"Markets and Markets. Infertility Treatment Market by Product (Equipment, Media, Accessories), Procedure [ART (IVF, ICSI, Surrogate), Insemination, Laparoscopy, Tubal Ligation], Patient Type (Female, Male), End User (Fertility Clinics, Hospitals, Cryobanks)\u2014Forecasts to 2023. 2018."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref018","unstructured":"Transparency Market Research. Assisted Reproductive Technology Drugs Treatment Market\u2014Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2018\u20132026. 2020."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","article-title":"Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach","volume":"18","author":"Z Munn","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000050","article-title":"Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews","volume":"13","author":"MDJ Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000277","article-title":"Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews","volume":"19","author":"MDJ Peters","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBI Evid Implement"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref022","author":"A Tricco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Engaging policy-makers and health systems managers in the conduct of rapid reviews"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref023","first-page":"745","article-title":"An overview of topic modeling methods and tools","author":"BV Barde","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems, ICICCS 2017. 2017;2018-January"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78246-9_38","article-title":"KNIME: The Konstanz Information Miner","author":"MR Berthold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2021.685298","article-title":"Sysrev: A FAIR Platform for Data Curation and Systematic Evidence Review","volume":"4","author":"T Bozada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Artif Intell"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref026","author":"R Sabharwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"An Intelligent Literature Review: an Inductive Approach to dene Machine Learning Applications in the clinical domain"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref028","first-page":"164","article-title":"Connections between open access publishing and access to gray literature","volume":"92","author":"M. Banks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Library Association"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1368-1","article-title":"Business models and provider satisfaction in in vitro fertilization centers in the USA","volume":"36","author":"JE McLaughlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref030","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Urologic Clinics of North America","author":"MO Strasser","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq013","article-title":"The costs and consequences of assisted reproductive technology: an economic perspective","volume":"16","author":"MP Connolly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref032","first-page":"117","volume":"10","author":"D Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research on the Mechanism of Differences in Capital Structure Promoting Regional Development Differences."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref033","author":"H. Insights","year":"2019","journal-title":"A in Fertility Outpatient Care Centers Remains Strong"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref034","article-title":"The Battle for the IVF Market: 5 Wall Street backed companies vs","author":"G. Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"private practice\u2014Fertility Bridge"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref035","first-page":"9","article-title":"Regulation of assisted reproductive treatment (ART) in Australia & current ethical issues","author":"L. Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research, Supplement. Indian Council of Medical Research"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref036","unstructured":"Vaughn R. IVF Goes IPO | International Fertility Law Group. 2013 [cited 4 Jul 2020]. Available: https:\/\/www.iflg.net\/ivf-goes-ipo\/"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref037","unstructured":"Ware J. First IVF provider to be floated on stock market sees early share price boost\u2014BioNews. In: BioNews [Internet]. 2013 [cited 28 May 2020]. Available: https:\/\/www.bionews.org.uk\/page_94166"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref038","unstructured":"Markets and Markets. In Vitro Fertilization Market by Product (Imaging System, Incubator, Cabinets, Sperm Separation System, Cryopreservation media, Embryo Culture media), Type of Cycles & End Users (Fertility Clinics and Surgical Centres, Cryobanks)\u2014Global Forecast to 2022. 2017."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref039","unstructured":"IVI Fertility. IVI arrives at America hand-in-hand with RMANJ and consolidates as the largest group of assisted reproduction in the world. 2017 [cited 4 Jul 2020]. Available: https:\/\/ivi-fertility.com\/notes\/ivi-arrives-at-america-hand-in-hand-with-rmanj-and-consolidates-as-the-largest-group-of-assisted-reproduction-in-the-world\/"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref040","unstructured":"Sharanya Pillai. Thomson Medical enters assisted reproduction JV with IVI-RMA Global | The Edge Markets. In: The Edge Markets [Internet]. 2018 [cited 4 Jul 2020]. Available: https:\/\/www.theedgemarkets.com\/article\/thomson-medical-enters-assisted-reproduction-jv-ivirma-global"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref041","unstructured":"Palmer A. Fertility benefits company Progyny files to go public. In: CNBC [Internet]. 2019 [cited 28 May 2020]. Available: https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/09\/27\/fertility-benefits-company-progyny-files-to-go-public.html"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-011-0078-4","article-title":"Utilization of Infertility Treatments: The Effects of Insurance Mandates","volume":"49","author":"MP Bitler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00148-013-0487-3","article-title":"Turning back the ticking clock: The effect of increased affordability of assisted reproductive technology on women\u2019s marriage timing","volume":"27","author":"J. Abramowitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Popul Econ"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref044","unstructured":"The Needle Starts to Move on Reproductive Health Benefits. [cited 15 Mar 2021]. Available: https:\/\/www.mercer.us\/our-thinking\/healthcare\/the-needle-starts-to-move-on-reproductive-health-benefits.html"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s13209-015-0135-0","article-title":"Coverage of infertility treatment and fertility outcomes","volume":"6","author":"MP Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"SERIEs"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref046","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Fertility and Sterility","author":"AP Ferraretti","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det302","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in access to ART treatment and the differential impact of a policy that increased consumer costs","volume":"28","author":"GM Chambers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/23294515.2018.1509153","article-title":"Freezing fertility or freezing false hope? A content analysis of social egg freezing in U.S. print media","volume":"9","author":"L Campo-Engelstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJOB Empir Bioeth"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref049","article-title":"Egg Freezing, Stratified Reproduction and the Logic of Not","volume":"2","author":"Ikemoto Lisa C","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Law Biosci"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2011.00411.x","article-title":"Economic recession and fertility in the developed world","author":"T Sobotka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Population and Development Review. Popul Dev Rev"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref051","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","author":"C Alviggi","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1097\/GRH.0000000000000043","article-title":"The global impact of COVID-19 on infertility services","volume":"5","author":"SJ Ory","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob Reprod Health"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref053","author":"E. Wilkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Human Fertility in the Asia-Pacific Region"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1080\/01459740.2019.1570188","article-title":"Racialized Commodities: Race and Value in Human Egg Donation","volume":"38","author":"D. Deomampo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medical Anthropology: Cross Cultural Studies in Health and Illness"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep346","article-title":"Embryo development of fresh \u201cversus\u201d vitrified metaphase II oocytes after ICSI: A prospective randomized sibling-oocyte study","volume":"25","author":"L Rienzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref056","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Hastings Center Report","author":"I. Glenn Cohen","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2016.09.003","article-title":"IVF global histories, USA: between Rock and a marketplace","volume":"2","author":"C. Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Soc Online"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1080\/01459740.2019.1591394","article-title":"Making the Ethnic Embryo: Enacting Race in US Embryo Adoption","volume":"38","author":"R. Cromer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medical Anthropology: Cross Cultural Studies in Health and Illness"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref059","volume-title":"Transnational Reproduction","author":"D. Deomampo","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref060","first-page":"1630","volume-title":"Reproductive Sciences","author":"MD Hornstein","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.06.018","volume":"29","author":"L Frith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2020.09.003","article-title":"Cross-border reproductive care in the USA: Who comes, why do they come, what do they purchase?","volume":"11","author":"H. Jacobson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Soc Online"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref063","volume-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","author":"G Torres","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2018.10.013","article-title":"The Role of professional facilitators in cross-border assisted reproduction","volume":"6","author":"J. Millbank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Soc Online"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref065","first-page":"e29","volume-title":"Glob Reprod Health","year":"2019","edition":"8"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.09.013","article-title":"The global reproductive health market: U.S. media framings and public discourses about transnational surrogacy","volume":"74","author":"S. Markens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref067","volume-title":"The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology","author":"A. Agigian","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-016-0117-0","article-title":"Ethics and regulation of inter-country medically assisted reproduction: A call for action","volume":"5","author":"C Shalev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Isr J Health Policy Res"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref069","first-page":"535","volume-title":"Reproductive BioMedicine Online","author":"ZB G\u00fcrtin","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref070","unstructured":"Orion Market Research. Global Assisted Reproductive Technology Market Research and Forecast 2018\u20132023. 2019."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref071","unstructured":"Allied Market Research, Shaikh S, Sumant O. IVF Devices and Consumables Market by Product (Instrument, Accessory & Disposable, and Reagent & Media), Technology (Fresh Embryo IVF, Frozen Embryo IVF, and Donor Egg IVF), and End User (Fertility Clinic, Hospital, Surgical Center, and Clinical Research. 2019."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref072","unstructured":"Transparency Market Research. Assisted Reproduction Technology Devices Market\u2014Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2016\u20132024. 2020."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref073","unstructured":"Grand View Research. Male Infertility Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Test (DNA Fragmentation Technique, Oxidative Stress Analysis, Microscopic Examination), By Treatment, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020\u20132027. 2020."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref074","article-title":"Transparency Market Research","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Reproductive Technologies Market"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref075","article-title":"Mordor Intelligence","year":"2017","journal-title":"Human reproductive tehnologies market\u2014Growth, trends, and forecasts (2020\u20132025)"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1142\/S2661318220500097","article-title":"Fertility Physicians\u2019 Opinions and Attitudes on Access to Assisted Reproductive Technology: An Asia-Pacific Perspective","volume":"02","author":"R Pawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertility & Reproduction"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref077","article-title":"Transparency Market Research","year":"2018","journal-title":"Assisted Reproductive Technology Market"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref078","unstructured":"Allied Market Research, Sumant O, Joshi K. Fertility Services Market by Procedure (IVF with ICSI, IUI, IVF without ICSI, Surrogacy, and Others) and Service (Fresh Non-donor, Frozen Non-donor, Egg & Embryo Banking, Fresh Donor, and Frozen Donor): Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2. 2019."},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1181-x","article-title":"Cross border reproductive care (CBRC): a growing global phenomenon with multidimensional implications (a systematic and critical review)","volume":"35","author":"M Salama","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref080","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Reproductive BioMedicine Online","author":"OA Makinde","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2011.08.005","article-title":"Eggs-ploiting women: A critical feminist analysis of the different principles in transplant and fertility tourism","volume":"23","author":"N. Pfeffer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref082","author":"European Parliament","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Parliament. Annual report on human rights and democracy in the world 2014 and the European Union\u2019s policy on the matter\u2013A8\u20130344\/2015"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref083","first-page":"99","article-title":"Ending commercial surrogacy in India: significance of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016","volume":"3","author":"O. Timms","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Med Ethics"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-014-9557-9","article-title":"Commercial\u201d Surrogacy in Australia","volume":"12","author":"Millbank J. Rethinking","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bioeth Inq"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref085","first-page":"551","volume-title":"Medical Anthropology: Cross Cultural Studies in Health and Illness","author":"N Valdez","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref086","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Stratified Reproduction","author":"NE Riley","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex298","article-title":"Cultural determinants influence assisted reproduction usage in Europe more than economic and demographic factors","volume":"32","author":"P Pr\u00e4g","year":"2017","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2019.1609484","article-title":"Correlation between gross domestic product, utilization of in vitro fertilization, and pregnancy success rate across the world","volume":"22","author":"A Lass","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10912-013-9210-3","article-title":"Queering the Fertility Clinic","volume":"34","author":"L. Mamo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Humanities"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2018.10.019","article-title":"A limited market: the recruitment of gay men as surrogacy clients by the infertility industry in the USA","volume":"7","author":"H. Jacobson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Soc Online"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref091","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","author":"L. Mamo","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2018.06.004","article-title":"Queer reproductive justice?","volume":"7","author":"J. Stacey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Soc Online"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/23294515.2016.1209595","article-title":"Morals or markets? Regulating assisted reproductive technologies as morality or economic policies in the states","volume":"8","author":"E. Heidt-Forsythe","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJOB Empir Bioeth"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der323","article-title":"Affordable ART: A different perspective","volume":"26","author":"TK Aleyamma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01525-7","article-title":"Regulatory responses to assisted reproductive technology: a comparative analysis of Spain and Israel","volume":"36","author":"I Alon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref096","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Middle East Fertility Society Journal","author":"C. Kooli","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.36740\/WLek202012227","article-title":"TOWARDS CREATION OF UNIFIED REGULATION ON SURROGACY IN EUROPE: RECENT TRENDS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES","volume":"73","author":"RA Maydanyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wiad Lek"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref098","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Demographic Research Monographs","author":"P Pr\u00e4g","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2017.06.003","article-title":"Assisted reproduction and Middle East kinship: a regional and religious comparison","volume":"4","author":"MC Inhorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Soc Online"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref100","first-page":"E225","article-title":"Advances in Medically-assisted procreation technologies: Can malpractice claims and \u201creproductive damage\u201d be identified? Clinica Terapeutica","author":"F Negro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Societa Editrice Universo"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2010.01869.x","article-title":"In whose interest? Policy and politics in assisted reproduction","volume":"25","author":"A. Donchin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/13648470.2012.675046","article-title":"Reproductive governance in Latin America","volume":"19","author":"LM Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anthropol Med"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-20-944","article-title":"Minimal access to male fertility prices online: an analysis of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) clinics","volume":"9","author":"RG Larsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.09.008","article-title":"What is the quality of information on social oocyte cryopreservation provided by websites of Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology member fertility clinics?","volume":"101","author":"S Avraham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.07.001","article-title":"Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology advertising guidelines: How are member clinics doing?","volume":"115","author":"M-T Sauerbrun-Cutler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref106","first-page":"2160","volume-title":"Human Reproduction","author":"C De Geyter","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.10.001","article-title":"The Aclinics are connecting with patients onlineRT of social networking: How SART member","volume":"97","author":"K Omurtag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2011.09.010","article-title":"Social egg freezing: For better, not for worse","volume":"23","author":"H Mertes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.10.004","article-title":"Parenthood desire, childbearing plans and oocyte utilization among women who previously underwent planned oocyte cryopreservation","volume":"42","author":"S Yee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13763","article-title":"Perceptions, outcomes, and regret following social egg freezing in the UK; a cross\u2010sectional survey","volume":"99","author":"BP Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01481-2","article-title":"Patient-centered elective egg freezing: a binational qualitative study of best practices for women\u2019s quality of care","volume":"36","author":"MC Inhorn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0389-z","article-title":"Elective egg freezing and its underlying socio-demography: A binational analysis with global implications","volume":"16","author":"MC Inhorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref113","article-title":"Ethical and legal questions of anonymity and confidentiality in gamete donation","author":"I Ria\u00f1o-Gal\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"An Pediatr (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref114","article-title":"Egg Freezing and Egg Banking: Empowerment and Alienation in Assisted Reproduction","volume":"1","author":"R. JA","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Law Biosci"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4081\/jphr.2018.1484","article-title":"Social egg freezing under public health perspective: Just a medical reality or a women\u2019s right? An ethical case analysis","volume":"7","author":"A Borovecki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Public Health Res"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref116","article-title":"Trust Women to Choose: A Response to John a Robertson\u2019s \u201cEgg Freezing and Egg Banking: Empowerment and Alienation in Assisted Reproduction","volume":"4","author":"G I","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Law Biosci"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.12.029","article-title":"Fertility preservation for social indications: A cost-based decision analysis","volume":"97","author":"J Hirshfeld-Cytron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der284","article-title":"Expanding reproductive lifespan: A cost-effectiveness study on oocyte freezing","volume":"26","author":"LL Van Loendersloot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05449-x","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of social oocyte freezing in Germany: estimates based on a Markov model","volume":"301","author":"CM Kl\u00fcber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref120","first-page":"110","volume":"10","author":"B Gogo Pepple","year":"2021","journal-title":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance: A Review of Literatures"},{"key":"pone.0284099.ref121","unstructured":"Markets and Markets. Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market by Type (Genetic Diagnosis\/Genetic Screening), Technology (NGS, PCR, FISH, CGH, SNP), Products & Services, Application (Aneuploidy, Translocations), End User (Fertility Clinics, Research)\u2014Forecast to 2022. 2017."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T17:23:05Z","timestamp":1690910585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284099"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Meijia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284099","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}}}