{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T22:27:03Z","timestamp":1788820023870,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005191","name":"Craig H. Neilsen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["855615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["855615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Persons with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) use multiple medications (polypharmacy) to manage the high number of secondary complications and concurrent conditions. Despite the prevalence of polypharmacy and challenges associated with managing medications, there are few tools to support medication self-management for persons with SCI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and summarize what is reported in the literature on medication self-management interventions for adults with traumatic SCI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Electronic databases and grey literature were searched for articles that included an adult population with a traumatic SCI and an intervention targeting medication management. The intervention was required to incorporate a component of self-management. Articles were double screened and data were extracted and synthesized using descriptive approaches.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Three studies were included in this review, all of which were quantitative. A mobile app and two education-based interventions to address self-management of SCI, medication management, and pain management, respectively, were included. Only one of the interventions was co-developed with patients, caregivers, and clinicians. There was minimal overlap in the outcomes measured across the studies, but learning outcomes (e.g., perceived knowledge and confidence), behavioural outcomes (e.g., management strategies, data entry), and clinical outcomes (e.g., number of medications, pain scores, functional outcomes) were evaluated. Results of the interventions varied, but some positive outcomes were noted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n There is an opportunity to better support medication self-management for persons with SCI by co-designing an intervention with end-users that comprehensively addresses self-management. This will aid in understanding why interventions work, for whom, in what setting, and under what circumstances.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T14:04:49Z","timestamp":1681999489000},"page":"e0284199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A scoping review of medication self-management intervention tools to support persons with traumatic spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Cadel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie R.","family":"Cimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glyneva","family":"Bradley-Ridout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander L.","family":"Hitzig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya L.","family":"Packer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3002-8306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tejal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha K.","family":"Lofters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoshana","family":"Hahn-Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chester H.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9552-9139","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara J. T.","family":"Guilcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284199.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.17","article-title":"Acute complications of spinal cord injuries","volume":"6","author":"EM Hagen","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284199.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.24","article-title":"Chronic complications of spinal cord injury","volume":"6","author":"N Sezer","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0284199.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-020-00605-1","article-title":"Prevalence of prescribed opioid claims among persons with nontraumatic spinal cord dysfunction in Ontario, Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"59","author":"Q Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284199.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.06.020","article-title":"Prevalence of Prescribed Opioid Claims Among Persons With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"102","author":"SJT Guilcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0284199.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-018-0174-z","article-title":"Prescription drug claims following a traumatic spinal cord injury for older adults: a retrospective population-based study in Ontario, Canada","volume":"56","author":"SJT Guilcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284199.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772314Y.0000000235","article-title":"The risks of polypharmacy following spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"P Kitzman","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284199.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-020-0511-x","article-title":"Prescription medications dispensed following a nontraumatic spinal cord dysfunction: a retrospective population-based study in Ontario, Canada","volume":"59","author":"SJT Guilcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0284199.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.10.128","article-title":"Opioid Use Among Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: Prevalence Estimates Based on State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Data","volume":"102","author":"ND DiPiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0284199.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.20","article-title":"Medication before and after a spinal cord lesion","volume":"52","author":"EK Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"26","key":"pone.0284199.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1610085","article-title":"Spinal cord injury and polypharmacy: a scoping review","volume":"42","author":"L Cadel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disability and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284199.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772315Y.0000000055","article-title":"Medication-related problems in individuals with spinal cord injury in a primary care-based clinic","volume":"40","author":"T Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0284199.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.62","article-title":"Medication profile and polypharmacy in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury","volume":"53","author":"M Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0284199.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-017-0050-2","article-title":"Polypharmacy and adverse drug events among propensity score matched privately insured persons with and without spinal cord injury","volume":"56","author":"BN Hand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0284199.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13153","article-title":"Health outcomes associated with polypharmacy in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"TR Fried","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0284199.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.01.014","article-title":"Exploring the perspectives on medication self-management among persons with spinal cord injury\/dysfunction and providers","volume":"16","author":"L Cadel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"pone.0284199.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2019.1637644","article-title":"Medication adherence for persons with spinal cord injury and dysfunction from the perspectives of healthcare providers: A qualitative study","volume":"42","author":"SJT Guilcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"The journal of spinal cord medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284199.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1756000","article-title":"Spinal cord injury\/dysfunction and medication management: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of community-dwelling adults in Ontario, Canada","volume":"44","author":"L Cadel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disability and"},{"key":"pone.0284199.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S308223","article-title":"Medication Management Frameworks in the Context of Self-Management: A Scoping Review","volume":"15","author":"L Cadel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Patient preference and adherence"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284199.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2018.08.034","article-title":"The Taxonomy of Everyday Self-management Strategies (TEDSS): A framework derived from the literature and refined using empirical data","volume":"102","author":"\u00c5 Audulv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Patient Education and Counseling"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284199.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2601_01","article-title":"Self-management education: History, definition, outcomes, and mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"KR Lorig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0284199.ref021","article-title":"Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews","volume":"18","author":"MDJ Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evidence Synthesis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0284199.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0284199.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","article-title":"PRESS Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies: 2015 Guideline Statement","volume":"75","author":"J McGowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284199.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.104.3.014","article-title":"De-duplication of database search results for systematic reviews in EndNote","volume":"104","author":"WM Bramer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284199.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"ML McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"pone.0284199.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g1687","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"TC Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ: British Medical Journal"},{"key":"pone.0284199.ref027","article-title":"An introduction to learning outcomes: A consideration of the nature, function and position of learning outcomes in the creation of the European Higher Education Area","author":"S. Adam","year":"2006","journal-title":"United Kingdom"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284199.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucx048","article-title":"Keeping It Real in Experimental Research\u2014Understanding When, Where, and How to Enhance Realism and Measure Consumer Behavior","volume":"44","author":"AC Morales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"key":"pone.0284199.ref029","unstructured":"NHS Foundation Trust. Clinical outcomes: NHS Foundation Trust; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.gosh.nhs.uk\/conditions-and-treatments\/clinical-outcomes\/."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0284199.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2019.1614343","article-title":"Implementing a self-management mobile app for spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation and following community discharge: A feasibility study","volume":"43","author":"MK MacGillivray","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0284199.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945920926436","article-title":"A Medication Management Intervention for Patients and Families with SCI and ABI","volume":"42","author":"TO Oyesanya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Western Journal of Nursing Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0284199.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2017.41.4.621","article-title":"Effect of Patient Education on Reducing Medication in Spinal Cord Injury Patients With Neuropathic Pain","volume":"41","author":"JC Shin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med-ARM"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284199.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.95","article-title":"Use of medicines, adherence and attitudes to medicines among persons with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"56","author":"H Hogholen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284199.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2020.07.025","article-title":"Managing everyday life: Self-management strategies people use to live well with neurological conditions","volume":"104","author":"\u00c5 Audulv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Patient Education and Counseling"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0284199.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2017.1356437","article-title":"Using the theoretical domains framework to guide the development of a self-management program for individuals with spinal cord injury: Results from a national stakeholder advisory group","volume":"40","author":"SEP Munce","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284199.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-020-0528-9","article-title":"Research co-design in health: a rapid overview of reviews","volume":"18","author":"P Slattery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health research policy and systems"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0284199.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13308","article-title":"Mitigating unintended consequences of co-design in health care","volume":"24","author":"\u00c9 N\u00ed Sh\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Expectations"},{"key":"pone.0284199.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n2061","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2061","article-title":"A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"374","author":"K Skivington","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0284199.ref039","unstructured":"University of Toronto Libraries. About the University of Toronto Libraries\u2019 central library system Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto; 2013 [July 21, 2022]. Available from: https:\/\/onesearch.library.utoronto.ca\/central-library-system#:~:text=We%20are%20the%20largest%20academic,University%20Chief%20Librarian%20Larry%20Alford."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T14:05:16Z","timestamp":1681999516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284199"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Saeed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284199","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]}}}