{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:43:50Z","timestamp":1791362630963,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["51578082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51578082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of soil fixation and anti-scour instability of slope vegetation generally depends on the strength and anti-disintegration ability of slope soil due to increase of root system. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to study the disintegration characteristics of expansive soil related to slope instability under acidic conditions (simulated acid rain). In this paper, the response surface method (RSM) was used with the pH value, root diameter, root length, root coefficient, and distribution as independent variables, and the disintegration amount of root-soil (DARS) after 60min as the response value. Then X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to analyze the mineral composition changes of the sample under this environment. Simultaneously, the plasticity index of expansive soil at different values of pH was studied to discuss the disintegration mechanism of root compound expansive soil in an acid environments. The results show that the root system improves the anti-disintegration characteristics of the root-soil, and the effects of various factors on the amount of disintegration were as follows: root length &gt; pH value &gt; root distribution &gt; root amount &gt; root diameter. The DARS with a length of 20mm increased by 26.67% and 41.56% compared to the 30mm and 40mm. Compared to the horizontal distribution and horizontal + slant distribution, the DARS with slant distribution was increases by 11.39% and 20.24% respectively. The DARS with 2 roots is increased by 9.92% and 16.75% compared to 4 and 6 roots respectively. The 1mm diameter DARS is 6.65% and 15.49% higher than the 2mm and 3mm, respectively. In addition, an acidic environments can lead to an increase in the amount of disintegration or rate of disintegration. The disintegration at pH = 4.2 was increased by 11.4% and 22.4% compared to pH = 5.6 and pH = 7, respectively. The acidity affects soil disintegration is due to the hydrophilic minerals in the expansive soil react with H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ion in the acid solution to form soluble salts. Due to the dissociation and leaching of free quartz and metal oxides in the soil to varying degrees, the ability of expansive soil to accumulate is reduced. The intensity of erosion and leaching decreases with increasing pH. In addition, the pH value can affects the plasticity index of the soil, which increases with the increasing pH, thus affects the disintegration properties of the expansive soil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T18:23:46Z","timestamp":1681410226000},"page":"e0284269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of acid rain and root reinforcement coupling factors on disintegration characteristics of expansive soil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8014-405X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong-gang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0284269.ref001","first-page":"15","volume-title":"State of China\u2019s ecological environment bulletin.","author":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People\u2019s Republic of China","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0284269.ref002","article-title":"Effects of four soil conditioners on aluminum toxicity in acid soils","author":"A. 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