{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:09:53Z","timestamp":1792112993408,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001795","name":"University of Southern Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1007582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1007582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To understand why people \u201ctroll\u201d (i.e., engage in disruptive online behaviour intended to provoke and distress for one\u2019s own amusement), researchers have explored a range of individual differences. These studies have primarily been conducted in adult samples, despite adolescents being a particularly vulnerable group with regards to both being trolled and trolling others. In this study we aimed to (1) explore Australian adolescents\u2019 experiences of trolling, and (2) replicate adult research that has constructed a psychological profile of the Internet troll by examining the utility of personality traits (psychopathy and sadism), self-esteem, empathy (cognitive and affective), and social rewards (negative social potency) to predict adolescents\u2019 trolling behaviours. A sample of 157 Australian adolescents (40.8% male, 58% female, 0.6% non-binary) aged 13\u201318 years (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 15.58,\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1.71) completed the Global Assessment of Internet Trolling-Revised, Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Youth Psychopathy Traits Inventory-Short Version, Social Rewards Questionnaire, Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, and a series of questions related to the experience of trolling. Results showed in the past year, 24.2% of Australian adolescents reported being trolled and 13.4% reported having trolled others. Gender, psychopathy, sadism, self-esteem, cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and \u201cnegative social potency\u201d (i.e., enjoyment of antisocial rewards) combined, explained 30.7% of variance in adolescents\u2019 trolling behaviours (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001). When accounting for shared variance, gender (male), high psychopathy, and high negative social potency were significant predictors of trolling, aligning with findings of adult samples. Contrary to adult samples, sadism was not a unique predictor of adolescents\u2019 trolling. For adolescents, the variance in trolling explained by sadism was nonsignificant when controlling for negative social potency. These similarities, and differences, in predictors of trolling across adult and adolescent samples may play a critical role in the development of targeted interventions to prevent or manage trolling.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T13:28:35Z","timestamp":1681306115000},"page":"e0284378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["An exploration of trolling behaviours in Australian adolescents: An online survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5024-3332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica Z.","family":"Marrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evita","family":"March","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Jeffries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Machin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"March","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0284378.ref001","first-page":"321","article-title":"Benefits and risks of children and adolescents using social media","volume":"11","author":"E Tartari","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Scientific Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284378.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12650","article-title":"Grateful: Longitudinal Associations Between Adolescents\u2019 Social Media Use and Gratitude During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","volume":"31","author":"AJ Maheux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0284378.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/day056","article-title":"Potential of social media in promoting mental health in adolescents","volume":"34","author":"M O\u2019Reilly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Promotion International"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0284378.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26029","DOI":"10.2196\/26029","article-title":"A Cyberbullying Media-Based Prevention Intervention for Adolescents on Instagram: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"8","author":"ER Kutok","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284378.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2174\/221067660402140709115810","article-title":"Social Media Use among Adolescents: Benefits and Risks","volume":"4","author":"D Reid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0284378.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x","article-title":"Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils","volume":"49","author":"PK Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of child psychology and psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0284378.ref007","article-title":"Differentiating cyberbullies and internet trolls by personality characteristics and self-esteem","volume":"11","author":"LA Zezulka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Forensics, Security, and Law"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284378.ref008","first-page":"85","article-title":"Adolescent trolling in online environments: A brief overview","volume":"32","author":"MD Griffiths","year":"2014","journal-title":"Education and Health"},{"key":"pone.0284378.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.06.038","article-title":"Constructing the cyber-troll: Psychopathy, sadism, and empathy","volume":"119","author":"N Sest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284378.ref010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trolling as a collective form of harassment: an inductive study of how online users understand trolling","volume":"6","author":"SM Ortiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social Media and Society"},{"key":"pone.0284378.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613490749","article-title":"Behavioral Confirmation of Everyday Sadism","volume":"24","author":"EE Buckels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"pone.0284378.ref012","unstructured":"Fichman P, Sanfilippo MR. 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