{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T20:14:14Z","timestamp":1770495254574,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020410","name":"John and Lucille Van Geest Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/R020981\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R020981\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) has been implicated in a wide range of clinical conditions. Moreover, serum levels are associated with disease prediction and progression in several clinical studies. There is a paucity of data on VAP-1 and pregnancy. Given the emerging role of VAP-1 in pregnancy, the aim of this study was to examine sVAP-1 as an early biomarker of pregnancy complications, especially hypertension during pregnancy. The objectives of the study are to associate sVAP-1 levels with other pregnancy complications, patient demographics and blood tests performed throughout pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a pilot study in a cohort of pregnant women (gestational week lower than 20 at the time of recruitment) attending their first antenatal ultrasound scan at the Leicester Royal Infirmary (LRI, UK). Data were both prospectively generated (from blood sample analysis) and retrospectively collected (from hospital records).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>From July and October 2021, a total of 91 participants were enrolled. Using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), we found reduced serum levels of sVAP-1 in pregnant women with either pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) (310 ng\/mL) or GDM (366.73 ng\/mL) as compared to controls (427.44 ng\/mL and 428.34 ng\/mL, respectively). No significant difference was found between women with FGR compared to controls (424.32 ng\/mL vs 424.52 ng\/mL), and patients with any pregnancy complications compared to healthy pregnancies (421.28 ng\/mL vs 428.34 ng\/mL).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Further studies are needed to establish whether or not sVAP-1 might be considered as an early, non-invasive, and affordable biomarker to screen women who will develop PIH or GDM. Our data will aid sample size calculations for such larger studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T17:37:41Z","timestamp":1685468261000},"page":"e0284412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Soluble Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 (sVAP-1) as a biomarker for pregnancy complications: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Marianna","family":"Danielli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8987-1720","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roisin C.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare L.","family":"Gillies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4769-8090","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David G.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Khunti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5836-0613","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bee Kang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0284412.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2008.07.002","article-title":"Novel Biomarkers for Predicting Preeclampsia.","volume":"18","author":"DM Carty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0284412.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2719","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia: fitting together the placental, immune and cardiovascular pieces","volume":"221","author":"JL James","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of pathology"},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref003","article-title":"Assessment of prevalence of preeclampsia from Dilla region of Ethiopia.","volume":"8","author":"PK Vata","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284412.ref004","first-page":"1","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 202 Summary: Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia","volume":"133","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0284412.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11226","article-title":"Blood biomarkers to predict the onset of pre-eclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"M Danielli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284412.ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"A brief overview of preeclampsia","volume":"6","author":"N Al-Jameil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of clinical medicine research"},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref007","volume-title":"StatPearls.","author":"Fetal Growth Restriction","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref008","article-title":"The Investigation and Management of the Small-for-Gestational-Age Fetus","author":"Gynaecologists RCoO","year":"2013","journal-title":"Green-top Guideline No 31"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0284412.ref009","first-page":"435","article-title":"Preeclampsia and late fetal growth restriction.","volume":"73","author":"F Marasciulo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref010","article-title":"Shallow Placentation: A Distinct Category of Placental Lesions","author":"J. Stanek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol."},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.030","article-title":"Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Europe: A meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"CE Eades","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108625","article-title":"The absolute and relative risk of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 studies","volume":"171","author":"RA Dennison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0284412.ref013","first-page":"QE01","article-title":"Screening and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Where Do We Stand.","volume":"10","author":"PR Rani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res."},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref014","unstructured":"Excellence) NNIfHaC. Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period 2015 [updated 16 December 2020; cited 2022 08\/06\/2022]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng3\/evidence."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284412.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.153130","article-title":"VAP-1 and CD73, endothelial cell surface enzymes in leukocyte extravasation","volume":"28","author":"S Jalkanen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284412.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8010103","article-title":"Increased Circulating VAP-1 Levels Are Associated with Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection","volume":"8","author":"M Kraemer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0284412.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2015.1050714","article-title":"Vascular adhesion protein-1: Role in human pathology and application as a biomarker.","volume":"52","author":"R Pannecoeck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences."},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref018","unstructured":"Gharanei S, Durairaj RP, Jin T, Liu K-K, Weston C, Salmi M, et al., editors. Perivascular Expression of Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 (VAP-1) in the Endometrium Regulates Uterine Natural Killer (uNK) Cell Recruitment and Spiral Artery Remodeling in Pregnancy. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES; 2017: SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0284412.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-9639(03)00047-5","article-title":"Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in human (patho)physiology.","volume":"1647","author":"F Boomsma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochimica et biophysica acta"},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621016","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.621016","article-title":"Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Determines the Cellular Properties of Endometrial Pericytes","volume":"8","author":"S Gharanei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref021","author":"NICE) NIfHaCE","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management [NICE guidelines n. 133]."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0284412.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2019.1684562","article-title":"Assessment of relationship between serum vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) and gestational diabetes mellitus.","volume":"24","author":"B Dincgez Cakmak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomarkers: biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284412.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi247","article-title":"Maternal cigarette smoking and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and eclampsia","volume":"35","author":"Q Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284412.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.04.022","article-title":"Association between hypertensive disorders and fetal growth restriction in twin compared with singleton gestations","volume":"221","author":"LK Proctor","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0284412.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181a66f2d","article-title":"Recurring complications in second pregnancy.","volume":"113","author":"JA Lykke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284412.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.02.024","article-title":"Association between birth weight and first-trimester free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A","volume":"89","author":"S Canini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284412.ref027","first-page":"345","article-title":"Chandra. Correlation of elevated levels of maternal serum beta-hCG in pregnancy induced hypertension and pregnancy outcomes in these patients","volume":"40","author":"S Yadav","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0284412.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.005","article-title":"Early onset fetal growth restriction.","volume":"38","author":"A Nawathe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284412.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0147981","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147981","article-title":"Serum Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Predicts End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"11","author":"HY Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0284412.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073365","article-title":"SSAO\/VAP-1 in Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Stroke and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"22","author":"M Unzeta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0284412.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2012.32413","article-title":"Vascular adhesion protein-1 and renalase in regard to diabetes in hemodialysis patients","volume":"8","author":"E Koc-Zorawska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"30","key":"pone.0284412.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21192","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021192","article-title":"Plasma vascular adhesion protein-1 levels correlate positively with frailty severity in older adults.","volume":"99","author":"HL Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284412","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T17:38:07Z","timestamp":1685468287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284412"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Felix Chikaike Clement","family":"Wekere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284412","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]}}}