{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:28:19Z","timestamp":1790803699976,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Occupational respiratory disorders are a major global public health concern among workers exposed to dust particles in dust-generating workplaces. Despite fragmented research findings on the magnitude of respiratory problems and the lack of a national occupational respiratory disease recording and reporting system at the Ethiopian factory, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among factory workers were unknown. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize and pool estimates from studies that reported the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and predictors among Ethiopian factory workers who worked in dusty environments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A systematic literature searches were conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, African Journals Online, and Web of Science). The primary and secondary outcomes were prevalence of respiratory symptoms and predictors, respectively. The STATA version 17 was used to analyze the data. A random effect meta-analysis model was used. Eggers test with p-value less than 5%, as well as the funnel plot, were used to assess publication bias.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The searches yielded 1596 articles, 15 of which were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of respiratory symptoms among Ethiopian factory workers was 54.96% [95% confidence interval (CI):49.33\u201360.59%]. Lack of occupational health and safety (OSH) training [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.34, 95%CI:1.56\u20133.52], work experience of over 5 years [OR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.33\u20137.65], not using personal protective equipment (PPE) [OR = 1.76, 95%CI:1.30\u20132.39], and working more than eight hours per day [OR = 1.89, 95%CI:1.16\u20133.05] were all significant predictors of respiratory symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prevalence of respiratory symptom was found to be high in Ethiopian factory workers. To prevent workers from being exposed to dust, regular provision and monitoring of PPE use, workers OSH training, and adequate ventilation in the workplace should be implemented.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T17:25:16Z","timestamp":1689960316000},"page":"e0284551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Occupational exposure to dust and respiratory symptoms among Ethiopian factory workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4098-940X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zemachu","family":"Ashuro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habtamu Endashaw","family":"Hareru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3451-175X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Negasa Eshete","family":"Soboksa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samson Wakuma","family":"Abaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifokire Tefera","family":"Zele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0284551.ref001","first-page":"3","article-title":"(2017) Global estimates of occupational accidents and work-related illnesses 2017","author":"P H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","year":"2017","journal-title":"World"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref002","volume-title":"Action towards prevention of occupational and non-communicable diseases","author":"I Fedotov","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1351\/pac199062112167","article-title":"Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)","volume":"62","author":"JG Calvert","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pure and Applied Chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref004","first-page":"39","article-title":"Overview of personal occupational exposure levels to inhalable dust, endotoxin, beta(1\u2014>3)-glucan and fungal extracellular polysaccharides in the waste management chain","volume":"50","author":"IM Wouters","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Annals of occupational hygiene"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2234","article-title":"Organic dusts and lung reactions\u2014exposure characteristics and mechanisms for disease","volume":"11","author":"R Rylander","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00405733","article-title":"Organic dust disease of airways","volume":"65","author":"E Zuskin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref007","first-page":"17","article-title":"Occupational Health and Safety in Ethiopia: A review of Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment","volume":"30","author":"A Kumie","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Ethiopian journal of health development = Ya\u2019Ityopya tena lemat mashet"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref008","first-page":"477","article-title":"Consequences of respiratory exposures in the farm environment","volume":"72","author":"RL Langley","year":"2011","journal-title":"N C Med J"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.03.026","article-title":"Bioaerosols associated with animal production operations","volume":"100","author":"PD Millner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3329\/mh.v4i2.23138","article-title":"Knowledge and practice related to Occupational Hazards among Maruti Cement Factory workers in Mirchaiya, Siraha, Nepal","volume":"4","author":"JP Sah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbes and Health"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1549456","article-title":"Surveillance for occupational respiratory diseases in developing countries","volume":"36","author":"VC Antao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine"},{"key":"pone.0284551.ref012","unstructured":"A. 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