{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:46:08Z","timestamp":1785577568296,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2013CNPq","award":["306592 \/ 2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306592 \/ 2018-5"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Josu\u00e9 Montello","award":["17617\/2017-710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17617\/2017-710"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Josu\u00e9 Montello","award":["025524\/2021-54"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["025524\/2021-54"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["308917\/2021-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308917\/2021-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Little is known about the effect of maternal immunological factors on the etiology of developmental defects of enamel (DDE). RANTES (Regulated on Activation Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) is a chemokine produced by fibroblasts, lymphoid and epithelial mucosa cells in response to various external stimuli. Despite its importance for embryogenesis, RANTES expression has been demonstrated in multiple diseases characterized by inflammation, tumor and immune response, and wound healing. We hypothesized that altered levels of RANTES during pregnancy are associated with the immune and inflammatory response in women, which could lead to the occurrence of DDE <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> (DDE-iu), directly or mediated by preterm birth. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of serum levels of RANTES in pregnant women in the occurrence of DDE-iu in children.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is a longitudinal case-control study. The mothers and their children (327) were evaluated in three moments: prenatal care, post childbirth, and when the child was between 12.3 and 36 months of age. The analysis was performed with structural equation modeling, estimating the standardized coefficient (SC), adopting \u03b1 = 5%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was a direct and negative effect of RANTES on the outcome (SC = -0.137; p = 0.022). This association was not mediated by preterm birth (SC = 0.007; P = 0.551). When considering the specific types of DDE-iu, RANTES had a direct effect on hypoplasia (SC = -0.190; p = 0.007), but not on opacity (SC = 0.343; p = 0.074).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Lower serum levels of RANTES may contribute to a higher number of teeth with DDE-iu, specifically hypoplasia. However, more evidence supported by clinical, laboratory and epidemiological studies is still needed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T17:27:57Z","timestamp":1690478877000},"page":"e0284606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["RANTES and developmental defects of enamel in children: A Brazilian prenatal cohort (BRISA)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5364-0384","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisa Miranda","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith Rafaelle Oliveira","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Pereira","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cec\u00edlia Cl\u00e1udia Costa","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e2ngela Fernandes Lucena","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Maria","family":"Co\u00ealho Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanda Maria Ferreira","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heloisa","family":"Bettiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"de Carvalho Cavalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika B\u00e1rbara Abreu Fonseca","family":"Thomaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0284606.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2010.00755.x","article-title":"Chemical aspects on dental hard tissues in primary teeth from preterm infants","volume":"118","author":"M Ryth\u00e9n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284606.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20816","article-title":"Brief communication: physiological stress in the Florida Archaic-enamel hypoplasia and patterns of developmental insult in early North American hunter-gatherers","volume":"136","author":"JC Berbesque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284606.ref003","first-page":"31","article-title":"Enamel defects and its relation to life course events in primary dentition of Brazilian children: a longitudinal study","volume":"24","author":"AM Chaves","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0284606.ref004","first-page":"2928","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors, nutritional risk, and enamel defects in children from Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Para\u00edba State, Brazil","volume":"23","author":"AC Massoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"pone.0284606.ref005","article-title":"Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH)\u2014an overview","author":"Z Almuallem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0284606.ref006","first-page":"411","article-title":"A review of the developmental defects of enamel index (DDE Index). Commission on Oral Health, Research & Epidemiology. Report of an FDI Working Group","volume":"42","author":"FDI","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"pone.0284606.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975340","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.975340","article-title":"Relationship between preterm, low birth weight, and development defects of enamel in the primary dentition: A meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"S Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0284606.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12646","article-title":"Relationship between preterm birth and developmental defects of enamel: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"C Bensi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284606.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-016-0235-7","article-title":"Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth\u2014findings of a regional German birth cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Y. Wagner","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284606.ref010","first-page":"244","article-title":"Are low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth associated with enamel developmental defects?","volume":"34","author":"JR Pinho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284606.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12094","article-title":"Developmental enamel defects in children born preterm: a systematic review","volume":"122","author":"PE Jacobsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284606.ref012","first-page":"35","article-title":"Enamel defects and dental caries among Southland children","volume":"101","author":"TD Mackay","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Z Dent J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0284606.ref013","first-page":"364","article-title":"Systemic Exposures Associated with Hypomineralized Primary Second Molars","volume":"41","author":"A Lopes-Fatturi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"pone.0284606.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2022.105488","article-title":"Is gestational diabetes mellitus associated with developmental defects of enamel in children? A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"JSO Tolomeu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284606.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58213","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058213","article-title":"Developmental enamel defects in children prenatally exposed to anti-epileptic drugs","volume":"8","author":"PE Jacobsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284606.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23283","article-title":"Malnutrition-related early childhood exposures and enamel defects in the permanent dentition: A longitudinal study from the Bolivian Amazon","volume":"164","author":"EE Masterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"pone.0284606.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2019.07.004","article-title":"Enamel neonatal line thickness in deciduous teeth of Australian children from known maternal health and pregnancy conditions","volume":"137","author":"AM Behie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284606.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-021-00646-x","article-title":"An update of the aetiological factors involved in molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"E Garot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284606.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1159\/000491644","article-title":"Genes Regulating Immune Response and Amelogenesis Interact in Increasing the Susceptibility to Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization","volume":"53","author":"DG Bussaneli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0284606.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00458.x","article-title":"Implication of RANTES in the modulation of alloimmune response by progesterone during pregnancy","volume":"57","author":"R Ramhorst","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284606.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12291","article-title":"What we say and what we mean when we say redundancy and robustness of the chemokine system\u2014how CCR5 challenges these concepts","volume":"98","author":"JH Ellwanger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284606.ref022","article-title":"CCL5\/RANTES is important for inducing osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells and is regulated by dexamethasone","volume":"8","author":"YC Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0284606.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106934","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106934","article-title":"Fetal gender and several cytokines are associated with the number of fetal cells in maternal blood\u2014an observational study","volume":"9","author":"JM Schl\u00fctter","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284606.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.892","article-title":"RANTES promoter genotype is associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic subjects","volume":"26","author":"K Nakajima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0284606.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200202-090OC","article-title":"A functional polymorphism in the RANTES gene promoter is associated with the development of late- onset asthma","volume":"166","author":"N Hizawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284606.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.3.1612","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis is associated with a functional mutation in the promoter of the C-C chemokine RANTES","volume":"164","author":"RG Nickel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0284606.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200012010-00006","article-title":"Chemokine RANTES promoter polymorphism affects risk of both HIV infection and disease progression in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study","volume":"14","author":"DH McDermott","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0284606.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70337-6","article-title":"A role for the novel cytokine RANTES in pregnancy and parturition","volume":"181","author":"N Athayde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0284606.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.664194","article-title":"Late-preterm cesarean delivery and chemokines concentration in the umbilical cord blood of neonates","volume":"25","author":"B Kr\u00f3lak-Olejnik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0284606.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.03.011","article-title":"Association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"F Vargas-Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0284606.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000480124","article-title":"Dental Caries and Developmental Defects of Enamel in the Primary Dentition of Preterm Infants: Case-Control Observational Study","volume":"52","author":"IM Sch\u00fcler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"pone.0284606.ref032","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"KB Kline","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284606.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-11-79","article-title":"A protocol to identify non-classical risk factors for preterm births: the Brazilian Ribeir\u00e3o Preto and S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds prenatal cohort (BRISA)","volume":"11","author":"AA da Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0284606.ref034","first-page":"966","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes and changes in the oral cavity: Brazilian cohorts of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto and S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds","volume":"18","author":"EBAF Thomaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0284606.ref035","unstructured":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. C\u00f3digos e guias: CCEB\u2013Crit\u00e9rio de Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o Econ\u00f4mica Brasil, ABEP. S\u00e3o Paulo: ABEP; 2009. [cited 2017 March 8]. http:\/\/www.abep.org\/criterio-brasil."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284606.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8644(200009)113:1<135::AID-AJPA13>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Brief communication: the timing of linear hypoplasias on human anterior teeth","volume":"113","author":"DJ Reid","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"pone.0284606.ref037","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO. Mplus User\u2019s Guide: Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables: User\u2019s Guide. 7th edition. Los Angeles: Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n; 2012."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284606.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2009.04.002","article-title":"Transient amorphous calcium phosphate in forming enamel","volume":"167","author":"E Beniash","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Struct Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284606.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2016","article-title":"Dental Enamel Formation and Implications for Oral Health and Disease","volume":"97","author":"RS Lacruz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0284606.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S152873","article-title":"The vitamin D receptor and the etiology of RANTES\/CCL- expressive fatty-degenerative osteolysis of the jawbone: an interface between osteoimmunology and bone metabolism","volume":"11","author":"J Lechner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284606.ref041","first-page":"741","article-title":"Enamel Defects in Deciduous Dentition and Their Association with the Occurrence of Adverse Effects from Pregnancy to Early Childhood","volume":"18","author":"MBC Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0284606.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513497751","article-title":"Increased enamel hypoplasia and very low birthweight infants","volume":"92","author":"S Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0284606.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242013005000017","article-title":"Perinatal factors associated with developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth: a case-control study","volume":"27","author":"P Corr\u00eaa-Faria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284606.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1974.0446","article-title":"A review of the chronology of calcification of deciduous teeth","volume":"89","author":"RC Lunt","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0284606.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.05.003","article-title":"Neonatal lines in the enamel of primary teeth\u2014a morphological and scanning electron microscopic investigation","volume":"53","author":"N Sabel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"40","key":"pone.0284606.ref046","first-page":"528","article-title":"Chronology and sequence of eruption of primary teeth in 0 to 42 month-old children","volume":"7","author":"CF Brand\u00e3o","year":"2004","journal-title":"JBP Rev Ibero-Am Odontopediatr Odontol. Beb\u00ea"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284606.ref047","first-page":"361","article-title":"Chronology of Deciduous Teeth Eruption: Agreement between Classic","volume":"15","author":"L Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brazilian Research in Pediatric Dentistry and Integrated Clinic"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284606.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-018-0347-7","article-title":"The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel, a prospective cohort study of adolescents in Western Sweden: A Barn I TAnadvarden (BITA, children in dental care) study","volume":"19","author":"B J\u00e4levik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"pone.0284606.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-13-21","article-title":"Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and association with early life course events: a study of 6\u201336 month old children in Manyara, Tanzania","volume":"13","author":"R Masumo","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284606.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-018-0402-4","article-title":"Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth: highly prevalent, unevenly distributed in the oral cavity and not associated with birth weight","volume":"20","author":"HC Ruschel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T17:29:01Z","timestamp":1690478941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284606"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"JJ","family":"Cray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284606","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]}}}