{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:50:02Z","timestamp":1792788602511,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["P01HL0906654 and R01HL126523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HL0906654 and R01HL126523"]}]},{"name":"Aaron Matthew SIDS Research Guild"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Infection is thought to play a part in some infant deaths. Maternal infection in pregnancy has focused on chlamydia with some reports suggesting an association with sudden unexpected infant death (SUID).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n We hypothesized that maternal infections in pregnancy are associated with subsequent SUID in their offspring.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n All births in the United States, 2011\u20132015<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data source<\/jats:title>\n Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Birth Cohort Linked Birth-Infant Death Data Files.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Cohort study, although the data were analysed as a case control study. Cases were infants that died from SUID. Controls were randomly sampled infants that survived their first year of life; approximately 10 controls per SUID case.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n Chlamydia, gonorrhea and hepatitis C.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n There were 19,849,690 live births in the U.S. for the period 2011\u20132015. There were 37,143 infant deaths of which 17,398 were classified as SUID cases (a rate of 0.86\/1000 live births). The proportion of the control mothers with chlamydia was 1.7%, gonorrhea 0.2% and hepatitis C was 0.3%. Chlamydia was present in 3.8% of mothers whose infants subsequently died of SUID compared with 1.7% of controls (unadjusted OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 2.15, 2.56; adjusted OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.19). Gonorrhea was present in 0.7% of mothers of SUID cases compared with 0.2% of mothers of controls (OR = 3.09, (2.50, 3.79); aOR = 1.20(0.95, 1.49)) and hepatitis C was present in 1.3% of mothers of SUID cases compared with 0.3% of mothers of controls (OR = 4.69 (3.97, 5.52): aOR = 1.80 (1.50, 2.15)).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The marked attenuation of SUID risk after adjustment for a wide variety of socioeconomic and demographic factors suggests the small increase in the risk of SUID of the offspring of mothers with infection with hepatitis C in pregnancy is due to residual confounding.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T13:49:10Z","timestamp":1682084950000},"page":"e0284614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Maternal infections in pregnancy and the risk of sudden unexpected infant death in the offspring in the U.S., 2011\u20132015"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Maggie","family":"Weatherly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anusua","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratna","family":"Chembrolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6985-4640","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanjana","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Marino","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9654-3178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan M.","family":"Lavista 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