{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:02:05Z","timestamp":1787022125864,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007246","name":"Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100\/2000 PhD Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100\/2000 PhD Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2211\/A National PhD Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2211\/A National PhD Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007246","name":"Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100\/2000 PhD Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100\/2000 PhD Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2211\/A National PhD Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2211\/A National PhD Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this paper was to evaluate the change in 25-hidroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective, cross-sectional and methodological study included 86,772 patients (18\u201375 years) samples who were admitted to the Izmir Dokuz Eylul University Hospital (latitude and longitude (Turkey): 27 E 09; 38 N 25, respectively) for various reasons and whose 25(OH)D levels were measured in the biochemistry unit between 2019\u20132020 and 2020\u20132021 (before and during the COVID-19 outbreak). A time series analysis of monthly averages for 25(OH)D was performed. For the purpose of seasonal study, the mean levels of 25(OH)D are grouped by years. Data were modeled in terms of 25(OH)D levels using the MATLAB Curve Fitting Toolbox.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no significant difference between the sexes according to 25(OH)D levels (p&gt;0.05). 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the summer months and lower in the winter months (p&lt;0.001). When comparing the spring months, 25(OH)D levels in 2020 (18 \u00b1 10) were found to be significantly lower than in 2019 (22 \u00b1 12) (p&lt;0.001); on the contrary, when examined based on the summer, autumn, and winter months, it was determined that 25(OH)D levels increased in 2020 (summer: 25 \u00b1 13, autumn: 25 \u00b1 14, and winter: 19 \u00b1 10) compared to 2019 (summer: 23 \u00b1 11, autumn: 22 \u00b1 10, and winter: 19 \u00b1 11) (p&lt;0.001). In the estimates curve obtained with an error margin of 11% in the time series analysis, it was estimated that the 25(OH)D averages after the pandemic would be similar to those before the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Restrictions, partial or complete closures, and curfews can significantly affect individuals\u2019 25(OH)D levels during the COVID-19 outbreak. There is a need for multicenter studies with larger populations covering different regions to strengthen and support our results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T13:21:16Z","timestamp":1684329676000},"page":"e0284647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study and trend analysis involving 86,772 samples"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0492-5129","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mehmet Emin","family":"Aray\u0131c\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4784-2013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sila Ovgu","family":"Korkut-Uysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Leblebici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Akcali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz Tuna","family":"Edizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seher","family":"Kabul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek","family":"Cimrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ender Berat","family":"Ellidokuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10224","key":"pone.0284647.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","article-title":"Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding","volume":"395","author":"R Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0284647.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102537","article-title":"The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome-like disease","volume":"19","author":"D McGonagle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30216-2","article-title":"COVID-19 cytokine storm: the interplay between inflammation and coagulation","volume":"8","author":"RJ Jose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.03.005","article-title":"TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: an emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib","volume":"53","author":"D Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref005","first-page":"510","article-title":"Vitamin D and the immune system","volume":"19","author":"S Azrielant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.12.001","article-title":"Vitamin D status: measurement, interpretation, and clinical application.","volume":"19","author":"MF Holick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.04510010104011","article-title":"Racial pigmentation and the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D","volume":"127","author":"LY Matsuoka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008874","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008874","article-title":"Exploring links between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19","volume":"16","author":"M Mohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7064240","article-title":"Modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin D","volume":"7","author":"CL Greiller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e066452","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-066452","article-title":"Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"J Hahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0284647.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab809","article-title":"Non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses support a role for vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"43","author":"A Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0284647.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071448","article-title":"Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms.","volume":"14","author":"A Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0038-9","article-title":"Exploring vitamin D metabolism and function in cancer","volume":"50","author":"SM Jeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref014","first-page":"118","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency status in Turkey: A meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"M Alpdemir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Med Biochem"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-782","article-title":"Vitamin D status among adults in the Aegean region of Turkey.","volume":"10","author":"Z Hekimsoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0736","article-title":"Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society","volume":"180","author":"P Lips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1607-3","article-title":"Is vitamin D deficiency a public health concern for low middle income countries? A systematic literature review","volume":"58","author":"KD Cashman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref018","first-page":"69","article-title":"Vitamin D and inflammatory diseases","volume":"7","author":"K Yin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-021-00358-3","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases: could sex make the difference?","volume":"12","author":"ML Dupuis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3390\/life11050452","article-title":"Vitamin D: Not Just Bone Metabolism but a Key Player in Cardiovascular Diseases.","volume":"11","author":"M Izzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22357","article-title":"A comprehensive genetic and epidemiological association analysis of vitamin D with common diseases\/traits in the UK Biobank","volume":"45","author":"Y Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref022","first-page":"CD011564","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults","volume":"8","author":"M Bjelakovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2050349","article-title":"Vitamin D as therapeutic modulator in cerebrovascular diseases: a mechanistic perspectives.","volume":"14","author":"V Rihal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284647.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.860","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in British adults at age 45 y: nationwide cohort study of dietary and lifestyle predictors","volume":"85","author":"E Hypp\u00f6nen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284647.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0118108","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118108","article-title":"Temporal relationship between vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone in the United States","volume":"10","author":"MH Kroll","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0284647.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113270","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle and the Maintenance of Vitamin D Status","volume":"12","author":"MS Rybchyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0284647.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nzz087","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzz087","article-title":"The Role of Skeletal Muscle in Maintaining Vitamin D Status in Winter.","volume":"3","author":"RS Mason","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0284647.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.200","article-title":"Cosinor modelling of seasonal variation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in cardiovascular patients in Norway.","volume":"70","author":"E Degerud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr. Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2022.106148","article-title":"Statistical power in vitamin D randomized control trials investigating biomarkers as continuous outcomes","volume":"222","author":"L Zgaga","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284647.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-15-0037","article-title":"Rising trend in vitamin D status from 1993 to 2013: dual concerns for the future","volume":"4","author":"MJ McKenna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2018.10.001","article-title":"Laboratory trend in vitamin D status in Ireland: Dual concerns about low and high 25OHD","volume":"186","author":"MJ McKenna","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref032","unstructured":"Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics. Vitamin D Total Assay. Access date: 18.02.2023. Available online: https:\/\/www.siemens-healthineers.com\/laboratory-diagnostics\/assays-by-diseases-conditions\/bone-metabolism-assays\/vit-d-total-assay."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0284647.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"MF Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"MF Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8920503","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8920503","article-title":"Nationality, Gender, Age, and Body Mass Index Influences on Vitamin D Concentration among Elderly Patients and Young Iraqi and Jordanian in Jordan.","volume":"2016","author":"H Al-Horani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Res Int"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1159\/000458765","article-title":"Vitamin D Status, Gender Differences, and Cardiometabolic Health Disparities","volume":"70","author":"DK Sanghera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0263069","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263069","article-title":"Pre-infection 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and association with severity of COVID-19 illness","volume":"17","author":"AA Dror","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref038","first-page":"313","article-title":"The problems of vitamin d insufficiency in older people","volume":"3","author":"BJ Boucher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03874-z","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19","volume":"39","author":"H Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970e1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001468","article-title":"Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany","volume":"382","author":"C Rothe","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref041","author":"T.C. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131","year":"2020","journal-title":"COVID-19-Yeni Koronavir\u00fcs Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcncel Durum"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref042","first-page":"62","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemi s\u00fcrecine y\u00f6nelik genel bir de\u011ferlendirme: T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6rne\u011fi","volume":"1","author":"F Budak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sos Ara\u015ft\u0131r Y\u00f6n Der"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0284647.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e059477","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059477","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic and vitamin D: rising trends in status and in daily amounts of vitamin D provided by supplements","volume":"12","author":"MJ McKenna","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref044","first-page":"3787","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Igg seroprevalence in IBD patients treated with biologics: first vs. second pandemic wave in a prospective study","volume":"26","author":"M Mossa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02701-5","article-title":"Real world evidence of calcifediol or vitamin D prescription and mortality rate of COVID-19 in a retrospective cohort of hospitalized Andalusian patients","volume":"11","author":"C Loucera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2021.105958","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation prior to or during COVID-19 associated with better 3-month survival in geriatric patients: Extension phase of the GERIA-COVID study","volume":"213","author":"C Annweiler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01639-9","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 risk: a population-based, cohort study","volume":"45","author":"J Oristrell","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2022.04.003","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent COVID-19 in Frontline Healthcare Workers. A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"53","author":"MA Villasis-Keever","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081641","article-title":"Vitamin D and COVID-19 Severity in Hospitalized Older Patients: Potential Benefit of Prehospital Vitamin D Supplementation","volume":"14","author":"F Parant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"pone.0284647.ref050","first-page":"373","article-title":"Rationale and Plan for Vitamin D Food Fortification: A Review and Guidance Paper","volume":"9","author":"S Pilz","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0284647.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16010130","article-title":"Protective Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on COVID-19-Related Intensive Care Hospitalization and Mortality: Definitive Evidence from Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis","volume":"16","author":"C Argano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0284647.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09705-6","article-title":"Association of vitamin D status with COVID-19 and its severity: Vitamin D and COVID-19: a narrative review","volume":"23","author":"JH Bae","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284647","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T13:22:01Z","timestamp":1684329721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284647"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Zmijewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0284647","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]}}}