{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:18:44Z","timestamp":1747196324022,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Identifying the spatial patterns of genetic structure of influenza A viruses is a key factor for understanding their spread and evolutionary dynamics. In this study, we used phylogenetic and Bayesian clustering analyses of genetic sequences of the A\/H1N1pdm09 virus with district-level locations in mainland China to investigate the spatial genetic structure of the A\/H1N1pdm09 virus across human population landscapes. Positive correlation between geographic and genetic distances indicates high degrees of genetic similarity among viruses within small geographic regions but broad-scale genetic differentiation, implying that local viral circulation was a more important driver in the formation of the spatial genetic structure of the A\/H1N1pdm09 virus than even, countrywide viral mixing and gene flow. Geographic heterogeneity in the distribution of genetic subpopulations of A\/H1N1pdm09 virus in mainland China indicates both local to local transmission as well as broad-range viral migration. This combination of both local and global structure suggests that both small-scale and large-scale population circulation in China is responsible for viral genetic structure. Our study provides implications for understanding the evolution and spread of A\/H1N1pdm09 virus across the population landscape of mainland China, which can inform disease control strategies for future pandemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T17:35:57Z","timestamp":1684344957000},"page":"e0284716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatial genetic structure of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza established as a result of interaction with human populations in mainland China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5509-0969","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seungwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Carrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kitchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0284716.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125237","article-title":"Synchrony, Waves, and Spatial Hierarchies in the Spread of Influenza","volume":"312","author":"C Viboud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science (80-)."},{"key":"pone.0284716.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43528","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043528","article-title":"Local Variations in Spatial Synchrony of Influenza Epidemics.","volume":"7","author":"JH Stark","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"year":"1986","author":"GF Pyle","key":"pone.0284716.ref003"},{"key":"pone.0284716.ref004","first-page":"111","volume-title":"A Companion to Health and Medical Geography","author":"CE Sabel","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0284716.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134695","article-title":"Large-Scale Spatial-Transmission Models of Infectious Disease","volume":"316","author":"S. 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