{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:15:52Z","timestamp":1791288952600,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Universidad de Los Andes, Faculty of Sciences","award":["INV-2020-105-2030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-2020-105-2030"]}]},{"name":"The Universidad de Los Andes, Faculty of Sciences"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009543","name":"Pontificia Universidad Javeriana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["08235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANR-16-CE02-0011-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CE02-0011-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"French Foundation of Research on Biodiversity","award":["CESAB synthesis centre to ACTIAS project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CESAB synthesis centre to ACTIAS project"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The genus <jats:italic>Lonomia<\/jats:italic> Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is of particular interest to the medical community, since the scoli of these caterpillars harbor a venom that induces hemorrhaging in humans. In Colombia, deadly encounters with <jats:italic>Lonomia achelous<\/jats:italic> (Cramer, 1777), have been reported since 2000. There is little information on the main biological and ecological aspects of this genus to help better understand and develop prevention strategies. This study aimed to describe morphological and biological aspects (especially of immature stages) of four recently reported species of <jats:italic>Lonomia<\/jats:italic> in Colombia that pose a risk to humans. We collected caterpillars and adults from five localities and reared them under laboratory conditions. Specimens were identified using DNA barcoding and dissection of adult male genitalia. We provided the first description, to our knowledge, of part of the life cycles of <jats:italic>Lonomia casanarensis<\/jats:italic> Brechlin, 2017 and <jats:italic>Lonomia orientoandensis<\/jats:italic> Brechlin &amp; Meister, 2011 and the complete life cycles of <jats:italic>Lonomia columbiana<\/jats:italic> Lemaire, 1972 and <jats:italic>Lonomia orientocordillera<\/jats:italic> Brechlin, K\u00e4ch &amp; Meister, 2013. We also present the first records of the parasitoids of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>orientocordillera<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>casanarensis<\/jats:italic> and new host plants. This information will guide not only their morphological recognition and the identification of their parasitoids and hosts, but also will guide rearing methods of these and other <jats:italic>Lonomia<\/jats:italic> species in new studies to prevent incidents with humans and create specific antivenoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T17:46:43Z","timestamp":1685555203000},"page":"e0285010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterization of morphological and biological aspects of venomous caterpillars of the genus Lonomia Walker (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2175-6248","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana M.","family":"Toro-Vargas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0937-2815","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rodolphe","family":"Rougerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela R.","family":"Amarillo-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285010.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011063","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011063","article-title":"Deadly and venomous Lonomia caterpillars are more than the two usual suspects.","volume":"17","author":"C Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.06.008","article-title":"The urticating apparatus in the caterpillar of Lonomia obliqua (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae).","volume":"119","author":"DD Spadacci-Morena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00086-1","article-title":"Structures involved in production, secretion and injection of the venom produced by the caterpillar Lonomia obliqua (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae).","volume":"39","author":"AB Veiga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref004","first-page":"288","article-title":"Lonomia genus caterpillar envenomation: clinical and biological aspects","volume":"31","author":"CL Arocha-Pi\u00f1ango","year":"2001","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.033","article-title":"The venom of the Lonomia caterpillar: an overview","volume":"49","author":"LC Carrijo-Carvalho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.36104\/amc.2013.46","article-title":"Accidente lon\u00f3mico.","volume":"38","author":"AA \u00c1vila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta M\u00e9d Colomb"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.09.012","article-title":"Acute renal failure provoked by toxin from caterpillars of the species Lonomia obliqua","volume":"47","author":"GP Gamborgi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)64961-6","article-title":"Intracerebral haemorrhage after contact with Lonomia caterpillars","volume":"348","author":"AC Duarte","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref009","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Development of an antivenom against toxins of Lonomia obliqua caterpillars","volume":"34","author":"WD Da Silva","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.107004","article-title":"Biological characterization of bristle extract of Lonomia descimoni caterpillar (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) and effectiveness of Lonomia antivenom to neutralize experimental envenomation in rats.","volume":"223","author":"I. V. Dos Anjos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006721","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006721","article-title":"Effectiveness of Lonomia antivenom in recovery from the coagulopathy induced by Lonomia orientoandensis and Lonomia casanarensis caterpillars in rats.","volume":"12","author":"IS Sano-Martins","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref012","article-title":"Modelaci\u00f3n de la probabilidad de ocurrencia de accidentes atribuidos a orugas del g\u00e9nero Lonomia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) y descripci\u00f3n de su h\u00e1bitat en el departamento de Casanare, Colombia","author":"LM Pardo Carvajal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Undergraduate Thesis, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v21i4.1125","article-title":"S\u00edndrome hemorr\u00e1gico por contacto con orugas del g\u00e9nero Lonomia (Saturniidae) en Casanare, Colombia: informe de dos casos.","volume":"21","author":"D Pineda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biom\u00e9dica"},{"key":"pone.0285010.ref014","volume-title":"Les saturniidae Am\u00e9ricains (= Attacidae). 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