{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T10:17:53Z","timestamp":1769854673341,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"H3Africa","award":["H3A-18-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H3A-18-003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016237","name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Core Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Core Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016237","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The persistence of tuberculosis (TB) infection in some patients after treatment has highlighted the importance of drug susceptibility testing (DST). This study aimed to determine the drug susceptibility patterns of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>) isolates from pulmonary TB (PTB) patients in Central and Southern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2021 and April 2022. Sputum samples were collected from newly diagnosed smear microscopy and\/or Xpert MTB\/RIF-positive PTB patients. The samples were processed and cultivated in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) pyruvate and glycerol medium. <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> isolates were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based region of difference 9 (RD9) deletion typing. Phenotypic DST patterns of the isolates were characterized using the BACTEC MGIT<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup> 960 instrument with SIRE kit. Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF) resistant <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> isolates were identified using the GenoType<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> MTBDR<jats:italic>plus<\/jats:italic> assay.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sputum samples were collected from 350 PTB patients, 315 (90%) of which were culture-positive, and phenotypic and genotypic DST were determined for 266 and 261 isolates, respectively. Due to invalid results and missing data, 6% (16\/266) of the isolates were excluded, while 94% (250\/266) were included in the paired analysis. According to the findings, 14.4% (36\/250) of the isolates tested positive for resistance to at least one anti-TB drug. Gene mutations were observed only in the <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>katG<\/jats:italic> gene loci, indicating RIF and high-level INH resistance. The GenoType<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> MTBDR<jats:italic>plus<\/jats:italic> assay has a sensitivity of 42% and a specificity of 100% in detecting INH-resistant <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> isolates, with a kappa value of 0.56 (95%CI: 0.36\u20130.76) compared to the BACTEC MGIT<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup> DST. The overall discordance between the two methods was 5.6% (14\/250) for INH alone and 0% for RIF resistance and MDR-TB (resistance to both INH and RIF) detection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study reveals a higher prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic discordant INH-resistant <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> isolates in the study area. The use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is essential for gaining a comprehensive understanding of these discrepancies within INH-resistant <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> strains.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T17:24:13Z","timestamp":1694193853000},"page":"e0285063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Phenotypic and genotypic drug susceptibility patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Central and Southern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3101-3926","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melaku","family":"Tilahun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teklu","family":"Wegayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8993-5117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Biniam","family":"Wondale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tewdros Tariku","family":"Gebresilase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tesfaye","family":"Gebreyohannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Tekola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mekdes","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2033-5874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sebsib","family":"Neway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bethlehem","family":"Adnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maeruf Fetu","family":"Nassir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonas","family":"Kassahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8028-1150","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abraham","family":"Aseffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kidist","family":"Bobosha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0285063.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. 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