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Besides phagocytosis, monocytes are activated by products from<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic>infected erythrocytes (IE) and one of the activation pathways is potentially the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multi-protein complex that leads to the production of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2. In cerebral malaria cases, monocytes accumulate at IE sequestration sites in the brain microvascular and the locally produced IL-1\u03b2, or other secreted molecules, could contribute to leakage of the blood-brain barrier. To study the activation of monocytes by IE within the brain microvasculature in an<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>model, we co-cultured IT4var14 IE and the monocyte cell line THP-1 for 24 hours and determined whether generated soluble molecules affect barrier function of human brain microvascular endothelial cells, measured by real time trans-endothelial electrical resistance. The medium produced after co-culture did not affect endothelial barrier function and similarly no effect was measured after inducing oxidative stress by adding xanthine oxidase to the co-culture. While IL-1\u03b2 does decrease barrier function, barely any IL-1\u03b2 was produced in the co- cultures, indicative of a lack of or incomplete THP-1 activation by IE in this co-culture model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T17:55:58Z","timestamp":1683222958000},"page":"e0285323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte co-culture with the monocyte cell line THP-1 does not trigger production of soluble factors reducing brain microvascular barrier 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