{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:38:59Z","timestamp":1793659139867,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Working Environment Research Fund","award":["44-2020-09 20205100711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["44-2020-09 20205100711"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The association between occupational mechanical exposures and chronic low back pain (LBP) has been widely studied, however, few systematic reviews have evaluated the evidence of an association. Furthermore, little is known of the impact of occupational psychosocial exposures on chronic LBP. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to study the association between occupational mechanical and psychosocial exposures and chronic LBP.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study will be conducted as a systematic review using another systematic review published in 2014 as basis and has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number CRD42021281996. A systematic literature search will be performed in 6 scientific databases to identified potential relevant studies published after 2014. Studies will systematically be excluded through a screening process performed independently by 2 reviewers. Exposures will include occupational mechanical and psychosocial exposures, and outcome will include chronic LBP (LBP \u22653 months, \u201cdegenerative\u201d diseases, and lumbosacral radiculopathy). Study population will include persons in or above working age, and study designs will comprise cohort and case-control studies. The quality of each included study will be methodologically assessed by 2 independent reviewers and level of evidence of an association will be graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) system. In meta-analyses, effect sizes will be addressed using random-effect models, sensitivity analyses will explore the robustness of the meta-analysis, and heterogeneity assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis will assess the evidence available of the association between occupational mechanical and psychosocial exposures and chronic LBP. The review can provide essential knowledge on the association, exposure-response relationships, thresholds, which may pave the way for political decisions on the occupational environment and the labour market insurance policy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T17:30:07Z","timestamp":1683307807000},"page":"e0285327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between occupational exposures and chronic low back pain: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6806-0371","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Jahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan Hviid","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7458-3921","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David H\u00f8yrup","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Seidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annett","family":"Dalb\u00f8ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"pone.0285327.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000249521.61813.aa","article-title":"Back pain exacerbations and lost productive time costs in United States workers","volume":"31","author":"JA Ricci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285327.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e7f94","article-title":"A consensus approach toward the standardization of back pain definitions for use in prevalence studies","volume":"33","author":"CE Dionne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"10137","key":"pone.0285327.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X","article-title":"What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention","volume":"391","author":"J Hartvigsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285327.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.175","article-title":"Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.","volume":"8","author":"A Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285327.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.543","article-title":"The rising prevalence of chronic low back pain","volume":"169","author":"JK Freburger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0285327.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-8910.2015049005874","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic low back pain: systematic review.","volume":"49","author":"RD Meucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285327.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34347","article-title":"A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain","volume":"64","author":"D Hoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0285327.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.11.002","article-title":"Measuring the global burden of low back pain","volume":"24","author":"D Hoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9995","key":"pone.0285327.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"386","author":"Global Burden of Disease Study C","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10070","key":"pone.0285327.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30970-9","article-title":"Non-specific low back pain","volume":"389","author":"C Maher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0285327.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.18.2443","article-title":"Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce","volume":"290","author":"WF Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0285327.ref012","author":"SBU","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arbetsmilj\u00f6ns betydelse f\u00f6r ryggproblem. En systematisk litteratur\u00f6versikt. Stockholm: Statens beredning f\u00f6r medicinsk utv\u00e4rdering (SBU)"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0285327.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102346","article-title":"The effect of lifting during work on low back pain: a health impact assessment based on a meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"P Coenen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0285327.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000544322.26939.09","article-title":"Work-relatedness of lumbosacral radiculopathy syndrome: Review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"P Kuijer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285327.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2826-3","article-title":"Psychosocial areas of worklife and chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"G Buruck","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0285327.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31827ff0c0","article-title":"Are psychosocial factors associated with low back pain and work absence for low back pain in an occupational cohort?","volume":"29","author":"DM Urquhart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Pain."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0285327.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.","volume":"62","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0285327.ref018","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 62 (updated February 2021).","author":"SJ Higgins JPT"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0285327.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.08.006","article-title":"Development quality criteria to evaluate nontherapeutic studies of incidence, prevalence, or risk factors of chronic diseases: pilot study of new checklists.","volume":"64","author":"TA Shamliyan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"pone.0285327.ref020","first-page":"17","article-title":"Occupational Noise and Hypertension Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","author":"U Bolm-Audorff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285327.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-019-01464-x","article-title":"The risk of cytomegalovirus infection in daycare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"93","author":"K Romero Starke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0285327.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3371","article-title":"Night-shift work and breast cancer\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"39","author":"S Ijaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"pone.0285327.ref023","unstructured":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Available from: https:\/\/casp-uk.net\/casp-tools-checklists\/."},{"key":"pone.0285327.ref024","volume-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses.","author":"BS GA Wells","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0285327.ref025","unstructured":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) [30.11.2021]. Available from: https:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk\/what-we-do\/methodology\/checklists\/."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0285327.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00377-8","article-title":"Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: guidelines on choice of axis.","volume":"54","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0285327.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables.","volume":"64","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0285327.ref028","first-page":"71","article-title":"Judging the quality of evidence in reviews of prognostic factor research: adapting the GRADE framework.","volume":"2","author":"A Huguet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Syst Rev.PubMed Central PMCID"},{"key":"pone.0285327.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386","volume-title":"Introduction to Meta-Analysis","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0285327.ref030","unstructured":"Deeks JJ HJ, Altman DG (editors). Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane, 2022. Updated February 2022;Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3. Available from: www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T17:30:35Z","timestamp":1683307835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285327"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dario","family":"Ummarino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0285327","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]}}}