{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T14:44:34Z","timestamp":1774449874779,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008003","name":"Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 50543-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 50543-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluate the effect of menarche on myopia in women in the United States (US). A cross-sectional survey and examination were conducted using data from the 1999\u20132008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and 8,706 women aged \u226520 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 44.23 to 45.37) were enrolled. Characteristics were compared between nonmyopic and myopic participants. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for myopia. A minimum p-value approach was used to estimate the cut-off point for age at menarche. The prevalence of myopia was 32.96%. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) were -0.81 diopters (95% CI, -0.89 to -0.73) and the mean age of menarche was 12.67 years (95% CI, 12.62 to 12.72). In the crude logistic regression model, age (odd ratio [OR] 0.98), height (OR, 1.02), astigmatism (OR, 1.57) (all p &lt; 0.0001), age at menarche (OR, 0.95; p = 0.0005), white ethnicity, being born in the US, higher level of education, and higher annual household income (all p trend &lt;0.0001) were significantly associated with myopia. 1-year increments in age at menarche was associated with a 4% decrease in the risk of myopia after adjusting for age, height, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and astigmatism (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.99, p = 0.0288). The cut-off value for age at menarche was 15 years by the maximum chi-square test (p &lt; 0.0001). Age at menarche may attribute to myopia progression, along with other environmental and individual risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T17:34:52Z","timestamp":1683308092000},"page":"e0285359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association between age at menarche and risk of myopia in the United States: NHANES 1999\u20132008"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"In Jeong","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6331-6630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sei Yeul","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0285359.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"6","author":"PN Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"pone.0285359.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2014.928824","article-title":"Differences in prevalence of refractive errors in young Asian males in Singapore between 1996\u20131997 and 2009\u20132010","volume":"21","author":"V Koh","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2014"},{"key":"pone.0285359.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.303","article-title":"Increased prevalence of myopia in the United States between 1971\u20131972 and 1999\u20132004","volume":"127","author":"S Vitale","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0285359.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.8.1111","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive error in the United States, 1999\u20132004","volume":"126","author":"S Vitale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0285359.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10106","article-title":"Prevalence of myopia and its association with body stature and educational level in 19-year-old male conscripts in seoul, South Korea","volume":"53","author":"SK Jung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0285359.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10480","article-title":"What factors are associated with myopia in young adults? 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