{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T13:09:00Z","timestamp":1769087340012,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Trigeminal electrical stimulation of the dorsal anterior mucosal surface of the tongue has demonstrated its efficacy in a variety of neurological disorders in which anatomical or functional alterations are present. The pathogenesis of such disorders is often linked to altered arousal circuits, and the benefits of tongue stimulation are attributed to the rebalancing of this system. Dental ULFTENS shows efficacy in acting on the muscular, autonomic system and control of the descending pathways that modulate pain. It is administered at the skin level in the area anterior to the tragus and not on the mucosal surface of the tongue. The use of this stimulation technique at the tongue level could have new applications and clinical results if it were able to reduce the activity of arousal circuits.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Material and method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A new intraoral device allowed electrical stimulation of the dorsal anterior mucosa of the tongue in 32 healthy young women. The effects on HRV were monitored by photoplethysmographic wave (PPG) and compared with a control group. The HRV parameters studied were RMSSD, HF, LF, LF\/HF, REC, DET.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The group of stimulated subjects showed a significant change in some of the HRV parameters that was maintained even in the epoch after the end of electrical stimulation. This effect can be considered as a vagal activation and a change of HRV trend. The control group of unstimulated subjects showed an opposite trend. There were no undesirable or annoying effects of stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Stimulation of the dorsal anterior (trigeminal) mucosal surface of the tongue with ULFTENS applied with an intraoral device was shown to be able to increase HRV.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T18:01:30Z","timestamp":1683741690000},"page":"e0285464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trigeminal electrical stimulation with ULFTENS of the dorsal anterior mucosal surface of the tongue: Effects on Heart Rate Variability (HRV)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Monaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Smurra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5204-7818","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"Di Nicolantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cipriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pietropaoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ortu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0285464.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749444","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2021.749444","article-title":"Chewing and Cognitive Improvement: The Side Matters","volume":"15","author":"MP Tramonti Fantozzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0285464.ref002","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Relationship between mastication and cognitive function in elderly in L\u2019Aquila","volume":"7","author":"S Mummolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0285464.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4744","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82265-6","article-title":"The path from trigeminal asymmetry to cognitive impairment: a behavioral and molecular study","volume":"11","author":"MP Tramonti Fantozzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0285464.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00130","article-title":"Trigeminal, Visceral and Vestibular Inputs May Improve Cognitive Functions by Acting through the Locus Coeruleus and the Ascending Reticular Activating System: A New Hypothesis","volume":"11","author":"V De Cicco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0285464.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3302","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153302","article-title":"Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Methods for Acute and Preventive Migraine Treatment-A Narrative Review","volume":"10","author":"S. 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